what is firmware?

In computing, firmware is a computer program that is embedded in a
hardware device, for example a microcontroller. It can also be
provided on flash EEPROMs or as a binary image file that can be
uploaded onto existing hardware by a user.

As its name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and
software. Like software, it is a computer program which is executed by
a microprocessor or a microcontroller. But it is also tightly linked
to a piece of hardware, and has little meaning outside of it.

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