types of regular verbs - -ar, -er, and –ir verbs – as in:
hablar
comer
vivir
You also learnt how to conjugate –ar verbs in the present indicative
tense using hablar as the example.
In this lesson, we'll concentrate on regular verbs ending in –er,
taking comer (to eat) as the example, and learn how to conjugate that
in the present tense.
First of all, we'll take the infinite (to eat) – comer – and find the
root of the verb by knocking off the –er ending:
com ( = comer – er)
To this root, we'll add the endings for the present tense of regular
–er verbs, as follows:
-o
-es
-e
-emos
-éis
-en
Consequently, the present indicative tense of the verb comer would be:
Singular
yo como .............................. I eat
tú comes ............................. you (familiar) eat
él/ella/Vd come ................... he/she/you (polite) eat/s
Plural
nosotros/as comemos ......... we eat
vosotros/as coméis .............. you (familiar) eat
ellos/ellas/Vds comen .......... they/you (polite) eat
These same endings do not just apply to comer but to all regular –er
verbs.
Regular –ir Verbs
You know how to conjugate regular –ar and –er verbs in the present
indicative tense. Now let´s look at the last group – the verbs ending
in – ir. We´ll take vivir (to live) as our example.
Once again, find the root of the verb by removing the ending which, in
this case, will leave:
viv
Then, depending on the person you wish to speak in, add the endings:
o
es
e
imos
ís
en
In other words, the full present tense of the verb vivir would be:
Singular
yo vivo ....................................... I live
tú vives ...................................... you (familiar) live
él/ella/Vd vive ............................ he/she/you (polite) live/s
Plural
nosotros/as vivimos ................... we live
vosotros/as vivís ........................ you (familiar) live
ellos/ellas/Vds viven ................... they/you (polite) live
Again, the above rules apply to any regular verb ending in –ir.
You now know how to decline all regular verbs in the present indicativetense!
Using Verbs
Because verb endings vary so much more in Spanish than they do in
English, it's not always necessary to use the personal pronoun with
the verb.
For example, you could say:
Hablas español .............You speak Spanish
Como mucha fruta ..........I eat a lot of fruit
Vivimos en España ........We live in Spain
None of the above sentences need personal pronouns because it's
obvious from the ending of the verb who the subject is.
It is, however, sometimes necessary to include the personal pronoun in
order to clarify who it is we are talking about, as in the case of
vive. If left on its own, it could mean he/she lives or you live.
Therefore you'd include the personal pronoun:
él vive
ella vive
Vd vive
Nevertheless, very often in conversation, it's obvious who the subject
is and, if this is the case, the personal pronoun is not included.
Sometimes, personal pronouns are included purely to add emphasis:
Yo como carne y tú comes pescado
I eat meat and you eat fish
When using two verbs in a row, the first is conjugated and the second
comes in the infinitive:
Deseo comer paella ..... I wish to eat paella
In Spanish, if you wish to imply negation, you place the word no
before the verb:
El niño no come .................... The boy doesn´t eat
No hablo español ................... I don´t speak Spanish
If you wish to use the interrogative form and ask a question, you have
to remember to place a reversed question mark at the beginning of the
sentence.If using the verb alone, without the personal pronoun, this
is all you have
to do to form a question in the present tense. For example:
Hablas español? ............... Do you speak Spanish?
When including the personal pronoun, you just reverse the normal
position of the verb and the pronoun. For example:
Habla Vd español? ............ Do you speak Spanish?
(as opposed to "Vd habla español", which would mean "You speak Spanish.)
Common –ar Verbs
You know how to decline the present tense of regular –ar verbs so,
here´s a list of 25 for you to practise with!
alquilar ..................... to rent
ayudar ..................... to help
bailar ........................ to dance
buscar ...................... to look for
comprar .................... to buy
contestar ................... to answer
dejar .......................... to allow, to leave
entrar (en) ................. to enter (into)
enviar ........................ to send
esperar ...................... to hope, to wait/for
ganar ......................... to earn, to win
gastar ........................ to spend
llegar ......................... to arrive
llevar ......................... to wear, to carry
mirar .......................... to look at, to watch
necesitar .................... to need
olvidar ........................ to forget
pagar ......................... to pay/for
preguntar ................... to ask
preparar ..................... to prepare
regresar ..................... to return
tomar ......................... to take, to drink
trabajar ...................... to work
viajar .......................... to travel
visitar .......................... to visit
Common –er Verbs
Here 's a list of 25 regular –er verbs.
aprender .................... to learn
beber ......................... to drink
ceder .......................... to give in
comer ......................... to eat
cometer ...................... to commit
comprender ................ to understand
correr .......................... to run
creer ........................... to believe
deber .......................... to have to, to owe
depender (de) ............. to depend (on)
esconder ..................... to hide
exceder ....................... to exceed
leer .............................. to read
meter (en) ................... to put (into)
ofender ........................ to offend
poseer ......................... to possess
proceder ...................... to proceed, to come from
prometer ...................... to promise
proveer ........................ to provide
responder .................... to reply
romper ......................... to break
sorprender ................... to surprise
suceder ........................ to happen
temer ........................... to fear
vender .......................... to sell
Common –ir Verbs
And, to finish off with, here's a list of 25 regular –ir verbs.
abrir .................... to open
admitir ................. to admit
asistir a ................ to attend
confundir ............. to confuse
cubrir ................... to cover
decidir .................. to decide
describir ............... to describe
descubrir .............. to discover
discutir ................. to argue, to discuss
dividir ................... to divide
escribir ................. to write
evadir ................... to evade
existir ................... to exist
fundir .................... to melt
hundir ................... to sink
imprimir ................ to print
ocurrir .................. to happen, to occur
omitir .................... to omit
partir ..................... to leave, to divide
permitir ................. to allow, to permit
recibir ................... to receive
subir ..................... to climb
sufrir ..................... to suffer
unir ....................... to unite
vivir ....................... to live
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