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Immigration to France, Spain, Germany or New Zealand
All French work permit applications are dealt with by the local Direction Departmentale du Travail,
de L'Emploi et de la Formation Professionale (DDTEFP) on a town by town basis. It is therefore
impossible to give absolute processing times as it varies depending on the workload of the local office,
The application is lodged with the local DDTEFP and incomplete applications are returned.
The processing takes generally 4-6 weeks. When a decision is reached, the approval will be sent by post to the French client.
Spain has announced a general amnesty for illegal immigrants. By registering with the
relevant authorities, formerly illegal immigrants will beable to legitimise their presence in Spain.
In consequence, the whole Spanish system is overloaded and processing times have increased significantly.
http://www.migrateabroad.com/france.html
de L'Emploi et de la Formation Professionale (DDTEFP) on a town by town basis. It is therefore
impossible to give absolute processing times as it varies depending on the workload of the local office,
The application is lodged with the local DDTEFP and incomplete applications are returned.
The processing takes generally 4-6 weeks. When a decision is reached, the approval will be sent by post to the French client.
Spain has announced a general amnesty for illegal immigrants. By registering with the
relevant authorities, formerly illegal immigrants will beable to legitimise their presence in Spain.
In consequence, the whole Spanish system is overloaded and processing times have increased significantly.
http://www.migrateabroad.com/france.html
CSS Interview Question
What is CSS declaration?
How do I design for backward compatibility using Style Sheets?
Which set of definitions, HTML attributes or CSS properties, take precedence?
How do I combine multiple sheets into one?
Why does my content shift to the left on some pages (in FF)?
Which browsers support CSS?
What is a Style Sheet?
Why do style sheets exist?
What is ID selector?
What is embedded style? How to link?
What is CSS rule ‘ruleset’?
What are Style Sheets?
Is CSS case sensitive?
What is external Style Sheet? How to link?
What are Cascading Style Sheets?
Can I include comments in my Style Sheet?
Which characters can CSS-names contain?
Are Style Sheets case sensitive?
What are inline, block, parent, children, replaced and floating elements?
What is cascade?
Can I attach more than one declaration to a selector?
What is initial value?
What is value?
What is shorthand property?
What is property?
What is ‘important’ declaration?
How do I design for backward compatibility using Style Sheets?
Which set of definitions, HTML attributes or CSS properties, take precedence?
How do I combine multiple sheets into one?
Why does my content shift to the left on some pages (in FF)?
Which browsers support CSS?
What is a Style Sheet?
Why do style sheets exist?
What is ID selector?
What is embedded style? How to link?
What is CSS rule ‘ruleset’?
What are Style Sheets?
Is CSS case sensitive?
What is external Style Sheet? How to link?
What are Cascading Style Sheets?
Can I include comments in my Style Sheet?
Which characters can CSS-names contain?
Are Style Sheets case sensitive?
What are inline, block, parent, children, replaced and floating elements?
What is cascade?
Can I attach more than one declaration to a selector?
What is initial value?
What is value?
What is shorthand property?
What is property?
What is ‘important’ declaration?
Linux Interview Question
What is SELinux?
What is the most graceful way to get to run level single user mode?
Write a command to find all of the files which have been accessed within the last 10 days.
How do I find whether a parameter exists in the request object?
What does Security-enhanced Linux give me that standard Linux can’t?
What can you type at a command line to determine which shell you are using?
In order to display the last five commands you have entered using the fc command, you would type?
What command should you use to check your filesystem?
What file defines the levels of messages written to system log files?
What account is created when you install Linux?
What daemon is responsible for tracking events on your system?
Where is standard output usually directed?
What utility can you use to show a dynamic listing of running processes?
Who owns the data dictionary?
Compare Linux credit based algorithm with other scheduling algorithms?
What is the main advantage of creating links to a file instead of copies of the file?
What is LILO?
What is CVS?
What is NFS? What is its job?
In Linux OS, what is the file server?
What are the techniques that you use to handle the collisions in hash tables?
What is the major advantage of a hash table?
What is Write Command ?
Why You Shouldn’t Use the root Login?
How big should the swap-space partition be?
Which field is used to define the user’s default shell?
When you create a new partition, you need to designate its size by defining the starting and ending?
What is the most graceful way to get to run level single user mode?
Write a command to find all of the files which have been accessed within the last 10 days.
How do I find whether a parameter exists in the request object?
What does Security-enhanced Linux give me that standard Linux can’t?
What can you type at a command line to determine which shell you are using?
In order to display the last five commands you have entered using the fc command, you would type?
What command should you use to check your filesystem?
What file defines the levels of messages written to system log files?
What account is created when you install Linux?
What daemon is responsible for tracking events on your system?
Where is standard output usually directed?
What utility can you use to show a dynamic listing of running processes?
Who owns the data dictionary?
Compare Linux credit based algorithm with other scheduling algorithms?
What is the main advantage of creating links to a file instead of copies of the file?
What is LILO?
What is CVS?
What is NFS? What is its job?
In Linux OS, what is the file server?
What are the techniques that you use to handle the collisions in hash tables?
What is the major advantage of a hash table?
What is Write Command ?
Why You Shouldn’t Use the root Login?
How big should the swap-space partition be?
Which field is used to define the user’s default shell?
When you create a new partition, you need to designate its size by defining the starting and ending?
JSP Interview Question
What is JSP action?
What is the difference between JSP and JSF?
What is JSF?
What is the difference between forward and sendRedirect?
Why are JSP pages preferred API for creating a web-based client program?
What is difference between custom JSP tags and beans?
Is JSP technology extensible?
What is JSP?
What is mutual authentication?
What is method permission?
What is JSP expression?
What is JSP document?
What is JSP declaration?
What is JSP custom tag?
What is the difference between JSP and JSF?
What is JSF?
What is the difference between forward and sendRedirect?
Why are JSP pages preferred API for creating a web-based client program?
What is difference between custom JSP tags and beans?
Is JSP technology extensible?
What is JSP?
What is mutual authentication?
What is method permission?
What is JSP expression?
What is JSP document?
What is JSP declaration?
What is JSP custom tag?
OOPS with JAVA Interview Questions
What is JVM (Java Virtual Machine)?
What is JIT (Just-in-Time) Compilation?
What is Object Oriented Programming?
What’s a Class?
What’s an Object?
What’s the relation between Classes and Objects?
What are different properties provided by Object-oriented systems?
How do you implement inheritance in Java?
How can we implement polymorphism in Java?
What’s an interface and how will you go about implementing an interface?
What is an Abstract class?
What are Abstract methods?
What’s the difference between “Abstract” classes and “Interfaces”?
What’s difference between Static and Non-Static fields of a class?
What are inner classes and what’s the practical implementation of inner classes?
What are packages?
What is a constructor in class?
Can constructors be parameterized?
Can you explain transient and volatile modifiers?
What is the use if “instanceof ” keyword?
What are Native methods in Java?
Explain in depth Garbage collector?
How does the garbage collector determine that the object has to be marked for deletion?
Can you explain “finalize()” method?
How can we force the garbage collector to run?
What’s the main difference between “Switch” and “If ” comparison?
What’s the use of JAVAP tool?
What are applets?
In which package is the applet class located?
What are native interfaces in Java?
what are Class loader’s?
what is Bootstrap, Extension and System Class loader?
Can you explain the flow between bootstrap, extension and system class loader?
Can you explain how can you practically do dynamic loading?
How can you copy one array in to a different array?
Can you explain the core collection interfaces?
Can you explain in brief the collection classes which implement the collection interfaces?
What’s the difference between standard JAVA array and ArrayList class?
What’s the use of “ensureCapacity” in ArrayList class?
How can we obtain an array from an ArrayList class?
What is “LinkedList” class for?
Can you explain HashSet class in collections?
what is LinkedHashSet class?
what is a TreeSet class?
what’s the use of Comparator Interface?
How can we access elements of a collection?
What is Map and SortedMap Interface?
Have you used any collection algorithm?
Why do we use collections when we had traditional ways for collection?
Can you name the legacy classes and interface for collections?
What is Enumeration Interface?
what’s the main difference between ArrayList / HashMap and Vector / Hashtable?
Are String object Immutable, Can you explain the concept?
what is a StringBuffer class and how does it differs from String class?
what is the difference between StringBuilder and StringBuffer class?
What is Pass by Value and Pass by reference? How does JAVA handle the same?
What are access modifiers?
what is Assertion?
Can you explain the fundamentals of deep and shallow Cloning?
How do we implement Shallow cloning?
How do we implement deep cloning?
What’s the impact of private constructor?
What are the situations you will need a constructor to be private?
Can you explain final modifier?
What are static Initializers?
If we have multiple static initializer blocks how is the sequence handled?
Define casting? What are the different types of Casting?
Can you explain Widening conversion and Narrowing conversion?
Can we assign parent object to child objects?
Define exceptions?
Can you explain in short how JAVA exception handling works?
Can you explain different exception types?
Can you explain checked and unchecked exceptions?
Can we create our own exception class?
What are chained exceptions?
What is serialization?
How do we implement serialization actually?
What’s the use of Externalizable Interface?
What is JIT (Just-in-Time) Compilation?
What is Object Oriented Programming?
What’s a Class?
What’s an Object?
What’s the relation between Classes and Objects?
What are different properties provided by Object-oriented systems?
How do you implement inheritance in Java?
How can we implement polymorphism in Java?
What’s an interface and how will you go about implementing an interface?
What is an Abstract class?
What are Abstract methods?
What’s the difference between “Abstract” classes and “Interfaces”?
What’s difference between Static and Non-Static fields of a class?
What are inner classes and what’s the practical implementation of inner classes?
What are packages?
What is a constructor in class?
Can constructors be parameterized?
Can you explain transient and volatile modifiers?
What is the use if “instanceof ” keyword?
What are Native methods in Java?
Explain in depth Garbage collector?
How does the garbage collector determine that the object has to be marked for deletion?
Can you explain “finalize()” method?
How can we force the garbage collector to run?
What’s the main difference between “Switch” and “If ” comparison?
What’s the use of JAVAP tool?
What are applets?
In which package is the applet class located?
What are native interfaces in Java?
what are Class loader’s?
what is Bootstrap, Extension and System Class loader?
Can you explain the flow between bootstrap, extension and system class loader?
Can you explain how can you practically do dynamic loading?
How can you copy one array in to a different array?
Can you explain the core collection interfaces?
Can you explain in brief the collection classes which implement the collection interfaces?
What’s the difference between standard JAVA array and ArrayList class?
What’s the use of “ensureCapacity” in ArrayList class?
How can we obtain an array from an ArrayList class?
What is “LinkedList” class for?
Can you explain HashSet class in collections?
what is LinkedHashSet class?
what is a TreeSet class?
what’s the use of Comparator Interface?
How can we access elements of a collection?
What is Map and SortedMap Interface?
Have you used any collection algorithm?
Why do we use collections when we had traditional ways for collection?
Can you name the legacy classes and interface for collections?
What is Enumeration Interface?
what’s the main difference between ArrayList / HashMap and Vector / Hashtable?
Are String object Immutable, Can you explain the concept?
what is a StringBuffer class and how does it differs from String class?
what is the difference between StringBuilder and StringBuffer class?
What is Pass by Value and Pass by reference? How does JAVA handle the same?
What are access modifiers?
what is Assertion?
Can you explain the fundamentals of deep and shallow Cloning?
How do we implement Shallow cloning?
How do we implement deep cloning?
What’s the impact of private constructor?
What are the situations you will need a constructor to be private?
Can you explain final modifier?
What are static Initializers?
If we have multiple static initializer blocks how is the sequence handled?
Define casting? What are the different types of Casting?
Can you explain Widening conversion and Narrowing conversion?
Can we assign parent object to child objects?
Define exceptions?
Can you explain in short how JAVA exception handling works?
Can you explain different exception types?
Can you explain checked and unchecked exceptions?
Can we create our own exception class?
What are chained exceptions?
What is serialization?
How do we implement serialization actually?
What’s the use of Externalizable Interface?
Advance Database and Transactions interview questions
What is a “Database Transactions “?
What is ACID?
What is “Begin Trans”, “Commit Tran”, “Rollback Tran” and “Save Tran”?
What are “Checkpoint’s” in SQL Server?
What are “Implicit Transactions”?
Is it good to use “Implicit Transactions”?
What is Concurrency?
What kind of problems occurs if we do not implement proper locking strategy?
What are “Dirty reads”?
What are “Unrepeatable reads”?
What are “Phantom rows”?
What are “Lost Updates”?
What are different levels of granularity of locking resources?
What are different types of Locks in SQL Server?
What are different Isolation levels in SQL Server?
If you are using COM+ what “Isolation” level is set by default?
What are “Lock” hints?
What is a “Deadlock” ?
What are the steps you can take to avoid “Deadlocks” ?
How can you know what locks are running on which resource?
What is ACID?
What is “Begin Trans”, “Commit Tran”, “Rollback Tran” and “Save Tran”?
What are “Checkpoint’s” in SQL Server?
What are “Implicit Transactions”?
Is it good to use “Implicit Transactions”?
What is Concurrency?
What kind of problems occurs if we do not implement proper locking strategy?
What are “Dirty reads”?
What are “Unrepeatable reads”?
What are “Phantom rows”?
What are “Lost Updates”?
What are different levels of granularity of locking resources?
What are different types of Locks in SQL Server?
What are different Isolation levels in SQL Server?
If you are using COM+ what “Isolation” level is set by default?
What are “Lock” hints?
What is a “Deadlock” ?
What are the steps you can take to avoid “Deadlocks” ?
How can you know what locks are running on which resource?
Most common C# Interview questions
1. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String? Can you store multiple data types in System.Array? No.
2. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
3. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
4. What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key?
5. What’s class SortedList underneath?
6. Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred?
7. What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?
8. Can multiple catch blocks be executed?
9. Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
10. What’s a delegate?
11. What’s a multicast delegate?
12. How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET?
13. What are the ways to deploy an assembly?
14. What’s a satellite assembly?
15. What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application?
16. What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
17. How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler?
18. What’s the difference between and
2. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()?
3. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order?
4. What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key?
5. What’s class SortedList underneath?
6. Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred?
7. What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception?
8. Can multiple catch blocks be executed?
9. Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions?
10. What’s a delegate?
11. What’s a multicast delegate?
12. How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET?
13. What are the ways to deploy an assembly?
14. What’s a satellite assembly?
15. What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application?
16. What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments?
17. How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler?
18. What’s the difference between
XML documentation tag?
19. Is XML case-sensitive?
20. What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK?
21. What does the This window show in the debugger?
22. What does assert() do?
23. What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class?
24. Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?
25. Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected?
Unix Interview Questions
What is a Make file?
Could you tell something about the Unix System Kernel?
How can you tell what shell you are running on UNIX system?
What is ‘the principle of locality’?
What are conditions for a machine to support Demand Paging?
What are conditions on which deadlock can occur while swapping the processes?
What are the processes that are not bothered by the swapper? Give Reason.
How the Swapper works?
What do you mean by u-area (user area) or u-block?
What is a Region?
What scheme does the Kernel in Unix System V follow while choosing a swap device among the multiple swap devices?
What is the main goal of the Memory Management?
What is the difference between Swapping and Paging
List the system calls used for process management:
How do you change File Access Permissions?
Could you tell something about the Unix System Kernel?
How can you tell what shell you are running on UNIX system?
What is ‘the principle of locality’?
What are conditions for a machine to support Demand Paging?
What are conditions on which deadlock can occur while swapping the processes?
What are the processes that are not bothered by the swapper? Give Reason.
How the Swapper works?
What do you mean by u-area (user area) or u-block?
What is a Region?
What scheme does the Kernel in Unix System V follow while choosing a swap device among the multiple swap devices?
What is the main goal of the Memory Management?
What is the difference between Swapping and Paging
List the system calls used for process management:
How do you change File Access Permissions?
BizTalk Interview Questions with answers
Does BizTalk 2004/2006 support Synchronous communication?
BizTalk is essentially Asynchronous. It can exhibit some synchronous behavior, if an Orchestration is converted into a web service.
Enumerate the new functoids added BizTalk 2006?
Please refer to this article New functoids in BizTalk 2006
What is the difference between a Document Schema and a Property Schema?
A document schema is like any regular schema, whereas a Property schema consists of only child elements under a root node.
Can an Envelope schema consist of more than one schema type?
Yes. Technically it is possible.
Can a flat file message be processing without a pipeline?
A Pipeline's job is to convert any external format into XML, be it a flat file or EDI or anything else.
Can multiple messages be processed or batched without an envelope schema?
It is possible to process multiple messages, without an envelope.
What is property promotion, why is it required?
When a property is Promoted, it is exposed to the orchestration/send port filters etc.
In which scenarios would use a "promoted property" vs "distinguished fields"?
The rule here is, if you dont want the schema element to appear in send port filters/debugging information then make it a distinguished field.
In Biztalk, what does a message type consist of?
A message type consists of the TargetNamespace#RootElement name.
What are un-typed messages, how does one create them?
A message created in BizTalk Orchestration is bound to a schema, this is a typed message. In un-typed messages, the message is bound to System.Xml.XmlDocument instead of a schema.
What is the difference between static, dynamic and direct binding?
Refer to Binding models in BizTalk
How does one enable subscriptions in BizTalk?
A filter on the Send Port is the first step to enable subscriptions in BizTalk.
How do you prevent occuring of zombies in a Parallel Convoy?
Refer to the article known as "Convoy Deep Drive" on MSDN
What is the difference between a delay shape vs a listen shape?
A 'Delay' is very much similar to a sleep on the current thread. A 'Listen' shape is used to wait for an incoming resource, with a timeout period.
When you use Call Orchestration shape vs Start Orchestration shape?
A Call Orchestration returns the control back to the caller. A Start Ochestration shape starts the orchestration in a non-deterministic way.
What is the difference between a "Message Assignment" shape and an "Expression" shape?
A "Message Assignment" shape is used to create a new message and assign values to it. A Expression shape is used to assign values to variables and also write 'if' conditions.
Does BizTalk Orchestrations support recursion?
An Orchestration does NOT support recursion.
What is the purpose of the property "Activate" in a Receive shape?
It is used to invoke a new instance of an Orchestration.
Can an orchestration Start without an Activatable receive?
A Nested Orchestration can be started without an Activatable receive
Is it necessary for all .NET components being called from an Orchestration be Serializable?
Yes it is necessary. There are cases where a .NET component need not be Serializable.
When do we need set the property "Synchronized" = true for a scope?
This needs to be set, when a variable is shared across the branches of a parallel shape.
What is the difference between an Exception block and a Compensation block? is it the equivalent of try-catch-finally?
Refer to HOW To Compensate a Transaction in a BizTalk Orchestration
Is it possible to have a exception block for an Atomic scope? if not why?
Refer to Parallel Branching and Scoping in BizTalk Orchestrations - Advanced Concepts
How does one enable Correlations in BizTalk?
First create a Correlation type and then create an instance of it.
Is it possible to share variables across two branches in a Parallel shape?
Refer to Parallel Branching and Scoping in BizTalk Orchestrations - Advanced Concepts
Does BizTalk automatically compensate a unsuccessful transaction?
Refer to HOW To Compensate a Transaction in a BizTalk Orchestration
What is the main difference between a Long-Running transaction and an Atomic Transaction in BizTalk context?
Refer to HOW To Compensate a Transaction in a BizTalk Orchestration
In an Orchestration design, Orchestration "A" calls another Orchestration "B", and vice versa. Is it possible to implement this design?
It is NOT possible, since it forms a cyclic dependency.
List out the three important things to consider while designing a BizTalk orchestration!
The Incoming data format, The Business process and The Outgoing data format.
BizTalk is essentially Asynchronous. It can exhibit some synchronous behavior, if an Orchestration is converted into a web service.
Enumerate the new functoids added BizTalk 2006?
Please refer to this article New functoids in BizTalk 2006
What is the difference between a Document Schema and a Property Schema?
A document schema is like any regular schema, whereas a Property schema consists of only child elements under a root node.
Can an Envelope schema consist of more than one schema type?
Yes. Technically it is possible.
Can a flat file message be processing without a pipeline?
A Pipeline's job is to convert any external format into XML, be it a flat file or EDI or anything else.
Can multiple messages be processed or batched without an envelope schema?
It is possible to process multiple messages, without an envelope.
What is property promotion, why is it required?
When a property is Promoted, it is exposed to the orchestration/send port filters etc.
In which scenarios would use a "promoted property" vs "distinguished fields"?
The rule here is, if you dont want the schema element to appear in send port filters/debugging information then make it a distinguished field.
In Biztalk, what does a message type consist of?
A message type consists of the TargetNamespace#RootElement name.
What are un-typed messages, how does one create them?
A message created in BizTalk Orchestration is bound to a schema, this is a typed message. In un-typed messages, the message is bound to System.Xml.XmlDocument instead of a schema.
What is the difference between static, dynamic and direct binding?
Refer to Binding models in BizTalk
How does one enable subscriptions in BizTalk?
A filter on the Send Port is the first step to enable subscriptions in BizTalk.
How do you prevent occuring of zombies in a Parallel Convoy?
Refer to the article known as "Convoy Deep Drive" on MSDN
What is the difference between a delay shape vs a listen shape?
A 'Delay' is very much similar to a sleep on the current thread. A 'Listen' shape is used to wait for an incoming resource, with a timeout period.
When you use Call Orchestration shape vs Start Orchestration shape?
A Call Orchestration returns the control back to the caller. A Start Ochestration shape starts the orchestration in a non-deterministic way.
What is the difference between a "Message Assignment" shape and an "Expression" shape?
A "Message Assignment" shape is used to create a new message and assign values to it. A Expression shape is used to assign values to variables and also write 'if' conditions.
Does BizTalk Orchestrations support recursion?
An Orchestration does NOT support recursion.
What is the purpose of the property "Activate" in a Receive shape?
It is used to invoke a new instance of an Orchestration.
Can an orchestration Start without an Activatable receive?
A Nested Orchestration can be started without an Activatable receive
Is it necessary for all .NET components being called from an Orchestration be Serializable?
Yes it is necessary. There are cases where a .NET component need not be Serializable.
When do we need set the property "Synchronized" = true for a scope?
This needs to be set, when a variable is shared across the branches of a parallel shape.
What is the difference between an Exception block and a Compensation block? is it the equivalent of try-catch-finally?
Refer to HOW To Compensate a Transaction in a BizTalk Orchestration
Is it possible to have a exception block for an Atomic scope? if not why?
Refer to Parallel Branching and Scoping in BizTalk Orchestrations - Advanced Concepts
How does one enable Correlations in BizTalk?
First create a Correlation type and then create an instance of it.
Is it possible to share variables across two branches in a Parallel shape?
Refer to Parallel Branching and Scoping in BizTalk Orchestrations - Advanced Concepts
Does BizTalk automatically compensate a unsuccessful transaction?
Refer to HOW To Compensate a Transaction in a BizTalk Orchestration
What is the main difference between a Long-Running transaction and an Atomic Transaction in BizTalk context?
Refer to HOW To Compensate a Transaction in a BizTalk Orchestration
In an Orchestration design, Orchestration "A" calls another Orchestration "B", and vice versa. Is it possible to implement this design?
It is NOT possible, since it forms a cyclic dependency.
List out the three important things to consider while designing a BizTalk orchestration!
The Incoming data format, The Business process and The Outgoing data format.
Basic Python Interview Questions
) What is the difference between tuple and list?
2) Does Python supports Operator Overloading?
3) Does Python supports Function Overloading?
4) Is there any Increment/Decrement operator in Python?
5) Why would you choose Python as a work platform?
6) Whats the name of the tool which helps in finding bugs and perform static analysis
7) Is there any need to create stand-alone binary? If yes, why?
How can you speed up your python program?
9) Rules for local & global variables in python?
2) Does Python supports Operator Overloading?
3) Does Python supports Function Overloading?
4) Is there any Increment/Decrement operator in Python?
5) Why would you choose Python as a work platform?
6) Whats the name of the tool which helps in finding bugs and perform static analysis
7) Is there any need to create stand-alone binary? If yes, why?
How can you speed up your python program?
9) Rules for local & global variables in python?
Reply with quoteReport this post Interview Questions for Eclipse Plugin developers
When does a plugin get started?
How to config a plugin to start automatically during platform starts up?
What are extensions and extension points?
What is the classpath of a plug-in?
How to access UI objects from a non-ui thread?
Do we need to explicitly invoke org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Image.dispose()?
How to fire a key event in my test code to make the program act as if a user pressed a key?
What is Display, what is Shell?
How to config a plugin to start automatically during platform starts up?
What are extensions and extension points?
What is the classpath of a plug-in?
How to access UI objects from a non-ui thread?
Do we need to explicitly invoke org.eclipse.swt.graphics.Image.dispose()?
How to fire a key event in my test code to make the program act as if a user pressed a key?
What is Display, what is Shell?
Strengths and Weaknesses Interview Question
Strengths
Why should we hire you?
What are your three greatest strengths?
What can you contribute to our organization?
Assume that you are a candidate in the coming general election. Tell me why you are the best candidate in the field.
What is your greatest strength?
We've interviewed a number of highly qualified students for this position. What sets you apart from the others?
What are your strengths?
What part of your current job are you the most comfortable with?
What are your strong points and how have they helped you to succeed?
Weaknesses
What is your greatest weakness?
Name your three greatest weaknesses.
Which is the worst of your three greatest weaknesses and why?
What are your weaknesses?
What part of your current job are you the least comfortable with?
What are your weak points and how have you overcome them?
What about yourself would you want to improve
In which area do you need to make the improvement in?
What are some of the things you find difficult to do?
The interviewer is looking to determine how well you know yourself, how you react to difficult situations/tasks and credibility. Look back over your work experience for examples of challenges...speaking in public at a meeting, disagreeing with a manager over an important issue, being asked to use a software program you have not had an opportunity to learn..
Why should we hire you?
What are your three greatest strengths?
What can you contribute to our organization?
Assume that you are a candidate in the coming general election. Tell me why you are the best candidate in the field.
What is your greatest strength?
We've interviewed a number of highly qualified students for this position. What sets you apart from the others?
What are your strengths?
What part of your current job are you the most comfortable with?
What are your strong points and how have they helped you to succeed?
Weaknesses
What is your greatest weakness?
Name your three greatest weaknesses.
Which is the worst of your three greatest weaknesses and why?
What are your weaknesses?
What part of your current job are you the least comfortable with?
What are your weak points and how have you overcome them?
What about yourself would you want to improve
In which area do you need to make the improvement in?
What are some of the things you find difficult to do?
The interviewer is looking to determine how well you know yourself, how you react to difficult situations/tasks and credibility. Look back over your work experience for examples of challenges...speaking in public at a meeting, disagreeing with a manager over an important issue, being asked to use a software program you have not had an opportunity to learn..
C++ Interview Question with Answer
1. Does a class provide default Copy Constructor?
Yes! The default copy constructor is being provided automatically by the compiler if not implemented separately. In this, it puts the code for coping the data members and other variables that stay in stack. If something is being created by malloc or new in the heap, those are not being copied by the default copy constructor provide by the compiler.
2. What does a default Copy Constructor do?
A default copy constructor is being provided by the compiler, when an attempt to copy an existing object is made. In this case the control goes to the default copy constructor. It generates a new object, and makes the values of data members of the new object which are in the stack, same as the parent object. It doesn’t copy the variables that are created in the heap. Simply speaking, a compiler supplied default copy constructor doesn’t take care of the things in an object, that are being created using malloc/calloc or new.
3. Can a program have a virtual constructor?
Generally we don’t need an overridable constructor. So constructor should not be declared as virtual. But in a class, we can make a static method, which will call the private/protected constructor and create an object. In that case the constructor is called as virtual constructor.
4. When does a programmer need to implement his own copy constructor?
Though compiler automatically provides the default copy constructor, sometime a programmer needs to implement his own copy constructor. We can take up a case here:
In the default constructor some memory allocation has been done for few data members and hence those will be created in the heap. In the destructor corresponding de-allocation code is there. Now if an attempt to copy an object is made, it won’t call the default constructor but it will call the default copy constructor which will copy the data member variable from stack and copy the pointers but won’t allocate any new memory space for the new copied object. So same pointers will exist in both the parent and copied object. This will not only create a great ambiguity but runtime error will occur when attempts will be made to delete both the objects. First object will get deleted properly. When it will try to delete the other object, the common pointer won’t exist and runtime error will come. Even if user stops the application it will try to delete all the objects in the memory and runtime error will occur. In a single word, copy constructor is needed to be implemented independently, when the parent object has some allocated memory in heap for some of its data member and that gets deleted by destructor. Copy constructor should consist that much of code for memory allocation for the newly created object.Apart from this, programmer can implement his own copy constructor to copy any other things, which he wants specifically.
5. Can a copy constructor accept an object of the same class as parameter, instead of reference of the object?
No. It is specified in the definition of the copy constructor itself. It should generate an error if a programmer specifies a copy constructor with a first argument that is an object and not a reference.
Logically thinking, if we can consider the same as copy constructor also, big confusion will come. If we pass an object as a function parameter, by value, it will get copied first and then be passed to the function. At the time of getting copied it should call the copy constructor. So in this case, if we consider the above described constructor as copy constructor, at the very beginning of the function call, it wil attempt to copy the object and hence again call the same function and hence will go towards an infinite loop. This will probably be ended up with an unexpected stack overflow.
It will give compiler error if an object of the same class is being passed to a constructor, but it doesn’t give error if more than one different objects are being passed to the constructor . In this case it doesn’t treat it as copy constructor, but a normal overloaded constructor.
6. What is the return parameter of a constructor and why?
Constructor in never being called directly. It is being called automatically by the compiler when an object in being created (or copied). Hence it can’t return any parameter. Logically thinking, if it would have been made to return a parameter, how do we put the code to create an object?
7. Are the “default constructor” and “constructor with default parameter” same?
Default constructor is a constructor, which can be called with no argument. So a constructor with all the parameters as default argument can be called as default constructor. A constructor with one or more default parameters (but not all the parameters) can be called “constructor with default parameter” but that won’t be the default constructor.
If a constructor with no argument and a constructor with all default arguments are being implemented then object-creation will generate an ambiguity regarding which constructor is to be called.
Yes! The default copy constructor is being provided automatically by the compiler if not implemented separately. In this, it puts the code for coping the data members and other variables that stay in stack. If something is being created by malloc or new in the heap, those are not being copied by the default copy constructor provide by the compiler.
2. What does a default Copy Constructor do?
A default copy constructor is being provided by the compiler, when an attempt to copy an existing object is made. In this case the control goes to the default copy constructor. It generates a new object, and makes the values of data members of the new object which are in the stack, same as the parent object. It doesn’t copy the variables that are created in the heap. Simply speaking, a compiler supplied default copy constructor doesn’t take care of the things in an object, that are being created using malloc/calloc or new.
3. Can a program have a virtual constructor?
Generally we don’t need an overridable constructor. So constructor should not be declared as virtual. But in a class, we can make a static method, which will call the private/protected constructor and create an object. In that case the constructor is called as virtual constructor.
4. When does a programmer need to implement his own copy constructor?
Though compiler automatically provides the default copy constructor, sometime a programmer needs to implement his own copy constructor. We can take up a case here:
In the default constructor some memory allocation has been done for few data members and hence those will be created in the heap. In the destructor corresponding de-allocation code is there. Now if an attempt to copy an object is made, it won’t call the default constructor but it will call the default copy constructor which will copy the data member variable from stack and copy the pointers but won’t allocate any new memory space for the new copied object. So same pointers will exist in both the parent and copied object. This will not only create a great ambiguity but runtime error will occur when attempts will be made to delete both the objects. First object will get deleted properly. When it will try to delete the other object, the common pointer won’t exist and runtime error will come. Even if user stops the application it will try to delete all the objects in the memory and runtime error will occur. In a single word, copy constructor is needed to be implemented independently, when the parent object has some allocated memory in heap for some of its data member and that gets deleted by destructor. Copy constructor should consist that much of code for memory allocation for the newly created object.Apart from this, programmer can implement his own copy constructor to copy any other things, which he wants specifically.
5. Can a copy constructor accept an object of the same class as parameter, instead of reference of the object?
No. It is specified in the definition of the copy constructor itself. It should generate an error if a programmer specifies a copy constructor with a first argument that is an object and not a reference.
Logically thinking, if we can consider the same as copy constructor also, big confusion will come. If we pass an object as a function parameter, by value, it will get copied first and then be passed to the function. At the time of getting copied it should call the copy constructor. So in this case, if we consider the above described constructor as copy constructor, at the very beginning of the function call, it wil attempt to copy the object and hence again call the same function and hence will go towards an infinite loop. This will probably be ended up with an unexpected stack overflow.
It will give compiler error if an object of the same class is being passed to a constructor, but it doesn’t give error if more than one different objects are being passed to the constructor . In this case it doesn’t treat it as copy constructor, but a normal overloaded constructor.
6. What is the return parameter of a constructor and why?
Constructor in never being called directly. It is being called automatically by the compiler when an object in being created (or copied). Hence it can’t return any parameter. Logically thinking, if it would have been made to return a parameter, how do we put the code to create an object?
7. Are the “default constructor” and “constructor with default parameter” same?
Default constructor is a constructor, which can be called with no argument. So a constructor with all the parameters as default argument can be called as default constructor. A constructor with one or more default parameters (but not all the parameters) can be called “constructor with default parameter” but that won’t be the default constructor.
If a constructor with no argument and a constructor with all default arguments are being implemented then object-creation will generate an ambiguity regarding which constructor is to be called.
Tips on interviews and Group Discussions
1. In a group discussion what should my objectives be and how should I achieve them?
2. Is it wise to take a strong stand either in favour or against the topic right at the start of a Group Discussion ?
3. Is it a good strategy to try and be the first speaker on the topic in a GD?
4. In an interview how does one handle the question "Tell us about yourself?".
5. Is it better to have a longer selection interview or a shorter one?
6. In the MBA entrance interview how do I justify my decision to pursue the MBA programme?
In a group discussion what should my objectives be and how should I achieve them?
In order to succeed at any unstructured group discussion, you must define what your objective in the group is. A good definition of your objective is - to be seen to have contributed meaningfully in an attempt to achieve the right consensus.
The key words in this definition are 'seen', 'meaningfully', and 'attempt'. Let us understand what each of these imply in terms of action points :
The first implication is that merely making a meaningful contribution in an attempt to achieve consensus is not enough. You have to be seen by the evaluator to have made a meaningful contribution in an attempt to build the right consensus.
In other words you must ensure that you are heard by the group. If the group hears you so will the evaluator. You must get at least some airtime. If you
are not a very assertive person you will have to simply learn to be assertive for those 15 minutes. If you get cowed down easily in an aggressive group, you can say goodbye to the business school admission.
Many GD participants often complain that they did not get a chance to speak. The fact of the matter is that in no GD do you get a chance to speak. You have to make your chances.
The second important implication is that making just any sort of contribution is not enough. Your contribution has to be meaningful.
A meaningful contribution suggests that you have a good knowledge base, are able to structure arguments logically and are a good communicator. These are qualities that are desired by all evaluators.
Many GD participants feel that the way to succeed in a GD is by speaking requently, for a long time and loudly. This is not true. The quality of what you
say is more important than the quantity. Don't be demoralized if you feel you have not spoken enough. If you have spoken sense and have been heard, even
if only for a short time, it is usually good enough. You must have substance in your arguments.Therefore, think things through carefully.
Always enter the room with a piece of paper and a pen. In the first two minutes jot down as many ideas as you can. It pays to think laterally. Everybody else will state the obvious. Can you state something different? Can you take the group ahead if it is stuck at one point? Can you take it in a fresh and more relevant direction? You may like to dissect the topic and go into the underlying causes or into the results.
One way of deciding what sort of contribution is meaningful at what point of time is to follow two simple rules. First, in times of chaos a person who restores order to the group is appreciated. Your level of participation in a fish market kind of scenario can be low, but your degree of influence must never be low. In other words you must make positive contributions every time you speak and not speak for
the sake of speaking. The second rule is applicable when the group is floundering. In this situation a person who provides a fresh direction to the group is given credit.
The third implication is that you must be clearly seen to be attempting to build a consensus. Nobody expects a group of ten people, all with different points
of view on a controversial subject to actually achieve a consensus. But did you make the attempt to build a consensus?
The reason why an attempt to build a consensus is important is because in most work situations you will have to work with people in a team, accept joint responsibilities and take decisions as a group. You must demonstrate the fact that you are capable and inclined to work as part of a team.
What are the ways that you can try to build consensus?
First, you must not just talk, you should also listen. You must realize that other people also may have valid points to make. You should not only try to persuade other people to your point of view, but also come across as a person who has an open mind and appreciates the valid points of others.
You must try and resolve contradictions and arguments of others in the group. You must synthesize arguments and try and achieve a unified position in the group. Try to think of the various arguments of your's and others' as parts of a jigsaw puzzle or as building blocks of a larger argument for or against the topic.
Try and lay down the boundaries or the area of the discussion at the beginning. Discuss what the group should discuss before actually beginning your discussion. This will at least ensure that everyone is talking about the same thing.
Try and summarize the discussion at the end. In the summary do not merely restate your point of view; also accommodate dissenting viewpoints. If the group did not reach a consensus, say so in your summary.
You must carry people with you. So do not get emotional, shout, invade other people's private space.
Do not bang your fist on the table except in extreme circumstances.
If you have spoken and you notice that someone else has tried to enter the discussion on a number of occasions and has not had the chance to do so maybe you could give him a chance the next time he tries.
But do not offer a chance to anyone who is not trying to speak. He may not have anything to say at that point and you will just end up looking foolish.
The surest way of antagonizing others in the GD as well as the examiner is to appoint yourself as a de facto chairperson of the group. Do not try to impose a system whereby everyone gets a chance to speak in turn. A GD is meant to be a free flowing discussion.
Let it proceed naturally. Do not ever try to take a vote on the topic. A vote is no substitute for discussion.
Do not address only one or two persons when speaking. Maintain eye contact with as many members of the group as possible. This will involve others in what you are saying and increase your chances of carrying them with you. Do this even if you are answering a specific point raised by one person.
One last point. You must not agree with another participant in the group merely for the sake of achieving consensus. If you disagree, say so. You are
not there to attempt to build just any consensus. You have to attempt to build the right consensus.
Is it wise to take a strong stand either in favour or against the topic right at the start of a Group Discussion ?
In theory yes. If you believe something why shouldn't you say so? If we are convinced about something our natural response is to say so emphatically.
However in practice what is likely to happen if you take a very strong and dogged stance right at the beginning of the interview is that you will antagonise the people in the group who disagree with you and will be unable to carry them with you and convince them of the validity of your argument. We therefore recommend that after you hear the topic you think about it for a minute with an open mind and note down the major issues that come to your mind. Don't jump to any conclusions. Instead arrive at a stand in your own mind after examining all the issues in a balanced manner. Only then begin to speak. And when you do so outline the major issues first and only then state your stand. In other words give the justification first and the stand later. If you were to state your stand first chances are that the others in the group who disagree with your stand will interrupt to contradict you before you can elaborate on the reasons why you have taken that stance. In this situation the evaluator will only get an impression of what you think and not how you think.
Remember you are being evaluated on how you think and not what you think.
Is it a good strategy to try and be the first speaker on the topic in a GD?
In most GD's the opening speaker is the person who is likely to get the maximum uninterrupted airtime.
The reason is simple - at the start most other participants in the GD are still trying to understand the basic issues in the topic, or are too nervous to speak and are waiting for someone else to start.
Therefore the evaluators get the best chance to observe the opening speaker. Now this is a double edged sword. If the opening speaker talks sense naturally
he will get credit because he opened and took the group in the right direction. If on the other hand the first speaker doesn't have too much sense to say, he will attract the undivided attention of the evaluators to his shortcomings. He will be marked as a person who speaks without thinking merely for the sake of speaking. As someone who leads the group in the wrong direction and does not make a positive contribution to the group.
So remember speaking first is a high risk high return strategy. It can make or mar your GD performance depending how you handle it. Speak first only if
you have something sensible to say. Otherwise keep shut and let someone else start.
In an interview how does one handle the question "Tell us about yourself?".
An often asked opening question. Perhaps the most frequently asked question across interviews. Your opening statement needs to be a summary of your goals, overall professional capabilities, achievements, background (educational and family),
strengths, professional objectives and anything about your personality that is relevant and interesting. This question represents an opportunity to lead the
interviewer in the direction you want him to go e.g., your speciality or whatever else you may wish to highlight.
Your intention should be to try to subtly convince the interviewers that you are a good candidate, you have proved that in the past, and have a personality that fits the requirement.
Remember that the first impression you create will go a long way in the ultimate selection. Keep in mind, most candidates who are asked this question just blurt out their schooling, college, marks and qualifications. All this is already there in the CV.
Why tell the interviewer something he already knows?
A final word on approaching this question. Once you have said what you have to say - shut up. Don't drone on for the sake of speaking for you just might say something foolish. Sometimes interviewers don't interrupt in order to give the candidate the impression that he has not spoken enough. This is just a stress inducing tactic. Don't fall for it, if you feel you have spoken enough. In case the pause gets too awkward for you just add something like, "Is there something specific that you wish to know about me?"
Is it better to have a longer selection interview or a shorter one?
The length of an interview in no way is an indicator of how well an interview went. This is especially so when there are a number of candidates to be interviewed for example in the civil services interview or the MBA entrance interview. In the past a number of candidates have reported varying lengths of interviews. Nothing positive or negative should be read into this. An interview is only a device whereby the panel seeks information about the candidate. Information that will help the panel decide whether or not the candidate should be selected. If the panel feels that it has gathered enough information
about the candidate in 15 minutes of the interview commencing and that it has no further questions to ask the interview will be terminated in 15 minutes. If on the other hand the panel takes an hour to gather the information required to take a decision the interview will last for an hour. In either case the decision could be positive or negative. It is a fallacy to believe that interview panels take longer
interviews of candidates whom they are more interested in.
No panel likes to waste its time. If an interview is lasting longer than usual then it only means that the panel is seeking more information about the candidate in order to take a decision.
In the MBA entrance interview how do I justify my decision to pursue the MBA programme?
When you are asked this for God's sake don't tell the panel that you are looking for a "challenging job in a good firm with lots of money, status and glamour". That is the first answer that most candidates think of. Unfortunately it is the last
answer that will get you admission. In the answer to a direct question on this subject you must convey to the interview panel that you have made a rational and
informed decision about your career choice and your intended course of higher study. There are broadly six areas which your answer could touch upon :
Career Objectives : You could talk about your career objectives and how the two year MBA programme will help you achieve them. This implies that you have a clear idea of what your career objectives are and how you wish to achieve them. For example you may want to be an entrepreneur and wish to set up your independent enterprise after doing your MBA and then working for a few years in a professionally
managed company. You could explain to the panel that the MBA programme will provide you with the necessary inputs to help you run your business enterprise better. But then you must be clear about what the inputs you will receive in the MBA programme
are.
Value Addition : That brings us to the second area that your answer should touch upon. What is the value you will add to yourself during your two year study of management. Value addition will essentially be in two forms knowledge and skills. Knowledge of the various areas of management e.g. marketing, finance, systems, HRD etc. and skills of analysis and communication. You will find it useful to talk to
a few people who are either doing their MBA or have already done it. They will be able to give you a more detailed idea of what they gained from their MBA.
Background : Remember, there must be no inconsistency between your proposed study of management and your past subject of study or your past work experience. If you have studied commerce in college then management is a natural course of higher studies.
If you are an engineer this is a tricky area. You must never say that by pursuing a career in management you will be wasting your engineering degree. Try and say that the MBA course and your engineering degree will help you do your job better in the company that you will join. But then you should be able to justify how your engineering
qualification will help.
Opportunities and Rewards : You could also at this
stage mention the opportunities that are opening up in
organizations for management graduates.
Highlight with examples. At the end you may mention
that while monetary rewards are not everything they
are also important and MBAs do get paid well.
You must not mention these reasons as your primary
motivators even if that may be the case.
2. Is it wise to take a strong stand either in favour or against the topic right at the start of a Group Discussion ?
3. Is it a good strategy to try and be the first speaker on the topic in a GD?
4. In an interview how does one handle the question "Tell us about yourself?".
5. Is it better to have a longer selection interview or a shorter one?
6. In the MBA entrance interview how do I justify my decision to pursue the MBA programme?
In a group discussion what should my objectives be and how should I achieve them?
In order to succeed at any unstructured group discussion, you must define what your objective in the group is. A good definition of your objective is - to be seen to have contributed meaningfully in an attempt to achieve the right consensus.
The key words in this definition are 'seen', 'meaningfully', and 'attempt'. Let us understand what each of these imply in terms of action points :
The first implication is that merely making a meaningful contribution in an attempt to achieve consensus is not enough. You have to be seen by the evaluator to have made a meaningful contribution in an attempt to build the right consensus.
In other words you must ensure that you are heard by the group. If the group hears you so will the evaluator. You must get at least some airtime. If you
are not a very assertive person you will have to simply learn to be assertive for those 15 minutes. If you get cowed down easily in an aggressive group, you can say goodbye to the business school admission.
Many GD participants often complain that they did not get a chance to speak. The fact of the matter is that in no GD do you get a chance to speak. You have to make your chances.
The second important implication is that making just any sort of contribution is not enough. Your contribution has to be meaningful.
A meaningful contribution suggests that you have a good knowledge base, are able to structure arguments logically and are a good communicator. These are qualities that are desired by all evaluators.
Many GD participants feel that the way to succeed in a GD is by speaking requently, for a long time and loudly. This is not true. The quality of what you
say is more important than the quantity. Don't be demoralized if you feel you have not spoken enough. If you have spoken sense and have been heard, even
if only for a short time, it is usually good enough. You must have substance in your arguments.Therefore, think things through carefully.
Always enter the room with a piece of paper and a pen. In the first two minutes jot down as many ideas as you can. It pays to think laterally. Everybody else will state the obvious. Can you state something different? Can you take the group ahead if it is stuck at one point? Can you take it in a fresh and more relevant direction? You may like to dissect the topic and go into the underlying causes or into the results.
One way of deciding what sort of contribution is meaningful at what point of time is to follow two simple rules. First, in times of chaos a person who restores order to the group is appreciated. Your level of participation in a fish market kind of scenario can be low, but your degree of influence must never be low. In other words you must make positive contributions every time you speak and not speak for
the sake of speaking. The second rule is applicable when the group is floundering. In this situation a person who provides a fresh direction to the group is given credit.
The third implication is that you must be clearly seen to be attempting to build a consensus. Nobody expects a group of ten people, all with different points
of view on a controversial subject to actually achieve a consensus. But did you make the attempt to build a consensus?
The reason why an attempt to build a consensus is important is because in most work situations you will have to work with people in a team, accept joint responsibilities and take decisions as a group. You must demonstrate the fact that you are capable and inclined to work as part of a team.
What are the ways that you can try to build consensus?
First, you must not just talk, you should also listen. You must realize that other people also may have valid points to make. You should not only try to persuade other people to your point of view, but also come across as a person who has an open mind and appreciates the valid points of others.
You must try and resolve contradictions and arguments of others in the group. You must synthesize arguments and try and achieve a unified position in the group. Try to think of the various arguments of your's and others' as parts of a jigsaw puzzle or as building blocks of a larger argument for or against the topic.
Try and lay down the boundaries or the area of the discussion at the beginning. Discuss what the group should discuss before actually beginning your discussion. This will at least ensure that everyone is talking about the same thing.
Try and summarize the discussion at the end. In the summary do not merely restate your point of view; also accommodate dissenting viewpoints. If the group did not reach a consensus, say so in your summary.
You must carry people with you. So do not get emotional, shout, invade other people's private space.
Do not bang your fist on the table except in extreme circumstances.
If you have spoken and you notice that someone else has tried to enter the discussion on a number of occasions and has not had the chance to do so maybe you could give him a chance the next time he tries.
But do not offer a chance to anyone who is not trying to speak. He may not have anything to say at that point and you will just end up looking foolish.
The surest way of antagonizing others in the GD as well as the examiner is to appoint yourself as a de facto chairperson of the group. Do not try to impose a system whereby everyone gets a chance to speak in turn. A GD is meant to be a free flowing discussion.
Let it proceed naturally. Do not ever try to take a vote on the topic. A vote is no substitute for discussion.
Do not address only one or two persons when speaking. Maintain eye contact with as many members of the group as possible. This will involve others in what you are saying and increase your chances of carrying them with you. Do this even if you are answering a specific point raised by one person.
One last point. You must not agree with another participant in the group merely for the sake of achieving consensus. If you disagree, say so. You are
not there to attempt to build just any consensus. You have to attempt to build the right consensus.
Is it wise to take a strong stand either in favour or against the topic right at the start of a Group Discussion ?
In theory yes. If you believe something why shouldn't you say so? If we are convinced about something our natural response is to say so emphatically.
However in practice what is likely to happen if you take a very strong and dogged stance right at the beginning of the interview is that you will antagonise the people in the group who disagree with you and will be unable to carry them with you and convince them of the validity of your argument. We therefore recommend that after you hear the topic you think about it for a minute with an open mind and note down the major issues that come to your mind. Don't jump to any conclusions. Instead arrive at a stand in your own mind after examining all the issues in a balanced manner. Only then begin to speak. And when you do so outline the major issues first and only then state your stand. In other words give the justification first and the stand later. If you were to state your stand first chances are that the others in the group who disagree with your stand will interrupt to contradict you before you can elaborate on the reasons why you have taken that stance. In this situation the evaluator will only get an impression of what you think and not how you think.
Remember you are being evaluated on how you think and not what you think.
Is it a good strategy to try and be the first speaker on the topic in a GD?
In most GD's the opening speaker is the person who is likely to get the maximum uninterrupted airtime.
The reason is simple - at the start most other participants in the GD are still trying to understand the basic issues in the topic, or are too nervous to speak and are waiting for someone else to start.
Therefore the evaluators get the best chance to observe the opening speaker. Now this is a double edged sword. If the opening speaker talks sense naturally
he will get credit because he opened and took the group in the right direction. If on the other hand the first speaker doesn't have too much sense to say, he will attract the undivided attention of the evaluators to his shortcomings. He will be marked as a person who speaks without thinking merely for the sake of speaking. As someone who leads the group in the wrong direction and does not make a positive contribution to the group.
So remember speaking first is a high risk high return strategy. It can make or mar your GD performance depending how you handle it. Speak first only if
you have something sensible to say. Otherwise keep shut and let someone else start.
In an interview how does one handle the question "Tell us about yourself?".
An often asked opening question. Perhaps the most frequently asked question across interviews. Your opening statement needs to be a summary of your goals, overall professional capabilities, achievements, background (educational and family),
strengths, professional objectives and anything about your personality that is relevant and interesting. This question represents an opportunity to lead the
interviewer in the direction you want him to go e.g., your speciality or whatever else you may wish to highlight.
Your intention should be to try to subtly convince the interviewers that you are a good candidate, you have proved that in the past, and have a personality that fits the requirement.
Remember that the first impression you create will go a long way in the ultimate selection. Keep in mind, most candidates who are asked this question just blurt out their schooling, college, marks and qualifications. All this is already there in the CV.
Why tell the interviewer something he already knows?
A final word on approaching this question. Once you have said what you have to say - shut up. Don't drone on for the sake of speaking for you just might say something foolish. Sometimes interviewers don't interrupt in order to give the candidate the impression that he has not spoken enough. This is just a stress inducing tactic. Don't fall for it, if you feel you have spoken enough. In case the pause gets too awkward for you just add something like, "Is there something specific that you wish to know about me?"
Is it better to have a longer selection interview or a shorter one?
The length of an interview in no way is an indicator of how well an interview went. This is especially so when there are a number of candidates to be interviewed for example in the civil services interview or the MBA entrance interview. In the past a number of candidates have reported varying lengths of interviews. Nothing positive or negative should be read into this. An interview is only a device whereby the panel seeks information about the candidate. Information that will help the panel decide whether or not the candidate should be selected. If the panel feels that it has gathered enough information
about the candidate in 15 minutes of the interview commencing and that it has no further questions to ask the interview will be terminated in 15 minutes. If on the other hand the panel takes an hour to gather the information required to take a decision the interview will last for an hour. In either case the decision could be positive or negative. It is a fallacy to believe that interview panels take longer
interviews of candidates whom they are more interested in.
No panel likes to waste its time. If an interview is lasting longer than usual then it only means that the panel is seeking more information about the candidate in order to take a decision.
In the MBA entrance interview how do I justify my decision to pursue the MBA programme?
When you are asked this for God's sake don't tell the panel that you are looking for a "challenging job in a good firm with lots of money, status and glamour". That is the first answer that most candidates think of. Unfortunately it is the last
answer that will get you admission. In the answer to a direct question on this subject you must convey to the interview panel that you have made a rational and
informed decision about your career choice and your intended course of higher study. There are broadly six areas which your answer could touch upon :
Career Objectives : You could talk about your career objectives and how the two year MBA programme will help you achieve them. This implies that you have a clear idea of what your career objectives are and how you wish to achieve them. For example you may want to be an entrepreneur and wish to set up your independent enterprise after doing your MBA and then working for a few years in a professionally
managed company. You could explain to the panel that the MBA programme will provide you with the necessary inputs to help you run your business enterprise better. But then you must be clear about what the inputs you will receive in the MBA programme
are.
Value Addition : That brings us to the second area that your answer should touch upon. What is the value you will add to yourself during your two year study of management. Value addition will essentially be in two forms knowledge and skills. Knowledge of the various areas of management e.g. marketing, finance, systems, HRD etc. and skills of analysis and communication. You will find it useful to talk to
a few people who are either doing their MBA or have already done it. They will be able to give you a more detailed idea of what they gained from their MBA.
Background : Remember, there must be no inconsistency between your proposed study of management and your past subject of study or your past work experience. If you have studied commerce in college then management is a natural course of higher studies.
If you are an engineer this is a tricky area. You must never say that by pursuing a career in management you will be wasting your engineering degree. Try and say that the MBA course and your engineering degree will help you do your job better in the company that you will join. But then you should be able to justify how your engineering
qualification will help.
Opportunities and Rewards : You could also at this
stage mention the opportunities that are opening up in
organizations for management graduates.
Highlight with examples. At the end you may mention
that while monetary rewards are not everything they
are also important and MBAs do get paid well.
You must not mention these reasons as your primary
motivators even if that may be the case.
Infinite Computer -.Net Interview Questions
1. What is boxing?
2. what is step-step- execution?
3. What are the session events?
4. If a user will not close the application what will happend to the session?
5. What is system.ui.
6. What are the difference between stored procedure and function in Sql server
7. Tell me about how to execute a sqlserver stored procedure
8. try {
} catch (DivideByZeroException de)
{ MessageBox.Show(de.Message);
} catch (Exception ex)
{ MessageBox.Show("Exception");
}
finally
{
MessageBox.Show("Finally");
}
What is execution step in try-catch-finally. and in above if an DividebyZero happend , is second catch will work?
9. what ar the difference between finalize and dispose?
2. what is step-step- execution?
3. What are the session events?
4. If a user will not close the application what will happend to the session?
5. What is system.ui.
6. What are the difference between stored procedure and function in Sql server
7. Tell me about how to execute a sqlserver stored procedure
8. try {
} catch (DivideByZeroException de)
{ MessageBox.Show(de.Message);
} catch (Exception ex)
{ MessageBox.Show("Exception");
}
finally
{
MessageBox.Show("Finally");
}
What is execution step in try-catch-finally. and in above if an DividebyZero happend , is second catch will work?
9. what ar the difference between finalize and dispose?
Wipro .Net Interview Question
C#.Net:
1. What is Encapuslation?
2. What is Inheritence?
3. How to implement Multilevel Inheritence?
4. What is differene between Abstract class and Interface Class?
5. What is Virtual Function?
6. What is constructor? is it return value? Is it Static?
ADO.net:
1. Which is the connectionstring if i am using Windows Authentication in Sqlsever
2. If a stored procedure contains multiple seclect queries and retrieving those records using SqlDataReader. How to move different record set.
3. Where we can write connectionstring, under which elements and how to call this connection string in class.
Asp.net:
1. What is caching?
2. What is server.Execute ()
3. What are the Session modes? Where sessions are writing?
4. How to implement Datagrid with 100 records with out edit button ( Not with PageNavigation)
1. What is Encapuslation?
2. What is Inheritence?
3. How to implement Multilevel Inheritence?
4. What is differene between Abstract class and Interface Class?
5. What is Virtual Function?
6. What is constructor? is it return value? Is it Static?
ADO.net:
1. Which is the connectionstring if i am using Windows Authentication in Sqlsever
2. If a stored procedure contains multiple seclect queries and retrieving those records using SqlDataReader. How to move different record set.
3. Where we can write connectionstring, under which elements and how to call this connection string in class.
Asp.net:
1. What is caching?
2. What is server.Execute ()
3. What are the Session modes? Where sessions are writing?
4. How to implement Datagrid with 100 records with out edit button ( Not with PageNavigation)
HCL Interview Question
Net
=====
1. What is data.single
2. Which FCL support for long datatype
3. How to increase array size? if i increased the arry size , old arry's value will lost?
4. What is are the security in .net
5. If you ur including third party companent in .net , how to add it?
6. what is .resx file
7. what is .sui file
8. What is Namespace?
9. What are datatype conversion function used in .net
Asp.Net
=========
1. What is web servcie? and Reason for use?
2. What is viewstate?
3. What are the validation used in asp.net? Examples?
4. Where your wrting javascript,vbscript and vaidation control and why?
5. In whihc scenario your selecting which validation is required?
6. If you are adding sqlclient as reference , then which reference will add?22.
7. I have one button named Back , if i pressed the button i dont want to go back, how it is possible?
ADO.Net
==========
1. Hot to create database connection?
2. What is curosr in .Net ( data reader)
3. What is ado.net and feature and why ur using this?
4. Where your writing your sql query?
5. if your writing sql query in .aspx , what is disadvantges of that?
6. How to display current date and time in web-page
Crystal Repor
t=============
1. How your creating crystal report and what code your using in your application
2. What are datatypes in crystal report
3. How your passing parameter in stored procedure in Cry
Database
==========
1. What is stored procedure and trigger?
2. What is the use of Null? If Null constraints is not in database what will happend?3. How to get system time?
4. what is primary key?
5. How remove a primary key field.
6. I have a table T1 with column c1, T2 with column c2. I want to create a table T3 with one field as primary key, and foreign keys are T1.c1 and T2.c2.
7. I have a table T1 with column c1,c2,c3. i want to add data into c2 , is it possible , if possibele what is the query?
8. In above if the column c1 is primary key and u try to add a record only into c2, what will happend?
=====
1. What is data.single
2. Which FCL support for long datatype
3. How to increase array size? if i increased the arry size , old arry's value will lost?
4. What is are the security in .net
5. If you ur including third party companent in .net , how to add it?
6. what is .resx file
7. what is .sui file
8. What is Namespace?
9. What are datatype conversion function used in .net
Asp.Net
=========
1. What is web servcie? and Reason for use?
2. What is viewstate?
3. What are the validation used in asp.net? Examples?
4. Where your wrting javascript,vbscript and vaidation control and why?
5. In whihc scenario your selecting which validation is required?
6. If you are adding sqlclient as reference , then which reference will add?22.
7. I have one button named Back , if i pressed the button i dont want to go back, how it is possible?
ADO.Net
==========
1. Hot to create database connection?
2. What is curosr in .Net ( data reader)
3. What is ado.net and feature and why ur using this?
4. Where your writing your sql query?
5. if your writing sql query in .aspx , what is disadvantges of that?
6. How to display current date and time in web-page
Crystal Repor
t=============
1. How your creating crystal report and what code your using in your application
2. What are datatypes in crystal report
3. How your passing parameter in stored procedure in Cry
Database
==========
1. What is stored procedure and trigger?
2. What is the use of Null? If Null constraints is not in database what will happend?3. How to get system time?
4. what is primary key?
5. How remove a primary key field.
6. I have a table T1 with column c1, T2 with column c2. I want to create a table T3 with one field as primary key, and foreign keys are T1.c1 and T2.c2.
7. I have a table T1 with column c1,c2,c3. i want to add data into c2 , is it possible , if possibele what is the query?
8. In above if the column c1 is primary key and u try to add a record only into c2, what will happend?
AJAX Interview Question
1. What is AJAX?
2. Does AJAX work with Java?
3. Is the server or the client in control in AJAX?
4. What is the role of Ajax in enhancing user experience?
5. How can I call a Java method from Javascript?
6. Which browsers support AJAX?
7. Is there any way that an AJAX object can get back a record set?
8. What are the different frameworks available In AJAX?
9. Who invented AJAX?
10. Does Java have support for Comet style server-side push?
11. Are there any security issues with AJAX?
12. Should I use an HTTP GET or POST for my AJAX calls?
2. Does AJAX work with Java?
3. Is the server or the client in control in AJAX?
4. What is the role of Ajax in enhancing user experience?
5. How can I call a Java method from Javascript?
6. Which browsers support AJAX?
7. Is there any way that an AJAX object can get back a record set?
8. What are the different frameworks available In AJAX?
9. Who invented AJAX?
10. Does Java have support for Comet style server-side push?
11. Are there any security issues with AJAX?
12. Should I use an HTTP GET or POST for my AJAX calls?
COM/DCOM Interview Question
1. What’s the difference between COM and DCOM?
2 What is a dual interface?
3. Can you have two dual interfaces in one class?
4. What is marshalling by value?
5. What is a multi-threaded apartment (MTA)? Single-threaded apartment (STA)?
6. Let’s assume we have object B and aggregated object C (in-proc server), created by B. Can you access any interface of B from C? What’s the difference between aggregated and contained objects?
7. What is ROT ? GIT ? Count pros and cons of both.
8. If you have an object with two interfaces, can you custom marshal one of them?
9. Is there a way to register in-proc server without regsvr32.exe?
10. What is VARIANT? Why and where would you use it?
2 What is a dual interface?
3. Can you have two dual interfaces in one class?
4. What is marshalling by value?
5. What is a multi-threaded apartment (MTA)? Single-threaded apartment (STA)?
6. Let’s assume we have object B and aggregated object C (in-proc server), created by B. Can you access any interface of B from C? What’s the difference between aggregated and contained objects?
7. What is ROT ? GIT ? Count pros and cons of both.
8. If you have an object with two interfaces, can you custom marshal one of them?
9. Is there a way to register in-proc server without regsvr32.exe?
10. What is VARIANT? Why and where would you use it?
VB6 Interview Question
1. How do you register a component?
2. Name and explain the different compatibility types when creating a COM component.
3. Why iss it important to use source control software for source code?
4. What two methods are called from the ObjectContext object to inform MTS that the transaction was successful or unsuccessful?
5. What is the tool used to configure the port range and protocols for DCOM communications?
6. What does Option Explicit refer to?
7. What are the different ways to Declare and Instantiate an object in Visual Basic 6?
8. Name the four different cursor types in ADO and describe them briefly.
9. Name the four different locking type in ADO and describe them briefly.
10. Describe Database Connection pooling (relative to MTS )
11. What are the ADO objects? Explain them. Provide a scenario using three of them to return data from a database.
12. Under the ADO Command Object, what collection is responsible for input to stored procedures.
13. What are some benefits of using MTS?
14. What is the benefit of wrapping database calls into MTS transactions?
15. Describe and In Process vs. Out of Process component. Which is faster?
16. What are the main components of the ADO object model? How are they used?
17. What’s the difference between COM and DCOM?
18. What is a dual interface?
19. Can you have two dual interfaces in one class?
20. What is marshalling by value?
21. What is a multi-threaded apartment (MTA)? Single-threaded apartment (STA)?
22. Let’s assume we have object B and aggregated object C (in-proc server), created by B. Can you access any interface of B from C? What’s the difference between aggregated and contained objects?
23. What is ROT ? GIT ? Count pros and cons of both.
24. If you have an object with two interfaces, can you custom marshal one of them?
25. Is there a way to register in-proc server without regsvr32.exe?
26. What is VARIANT? Why and where would you use it?
2. Name and explain the different compatibility types when creating a COM component.
3. Why iss it important to use source control software for source code?
4. What two methods are called from the ObjectContext object to inform MTS that the transaction was successful or unsuccessful?
5. What is the tool used to configure the port range and protocols for DCOM communications?
6. What does Option Explicit refer to?
7. What are the different ways to Declare and Instantiate an object in Visual Basic 6?
8. Name the four different cursor types in ADO and describe them briefly.
9. Name the four different locking type in ADO and describe them briefly.
10. Describe Database Connection pooling (relative to MTS )
11. What are the ADO objects? Explain them. Provide a scenario using three of them to return data from a database.
12. Under the ADO Command Object, what collection is responsible for input to stored procedures.
13. What are some benefits of using MTS?
14. What is the benefit of wrapping database calls into MTS transactions?
15. Describe and In Process vs. Out of Process component. Which is faster?
16. What are the main components of the ADO object model? How are they used?
17. What’s the difference between COM and DCOM?
18. What is a dual interface?
19. Can you have two dual interfaces in one class?
20. What is marshalling by value?
21. What is a multi-threaded apartment (MTA)? Single-threaded apartment (STA)?
22. Let’s assume we have object B and aggregated object C (in-proc server), created by B. Can you access any interface of B from C? What’s the difference between aggregated and contained objects?
23. What is ROT ? GIT ? Count pros and cons of both.
24. If you have an object with two interfaces, can you custom marshal one of them?
25. Is there a way to register in-proc server without regsvr32.exe?
26. What is VARIANT? Why and where would you use it?
Windows Communication Framework Interview Question
· What is .NET Framework 3?
· What is Windows CardSpace ?
· What is WCF?
· What are the important principles of SOA (Service oriented Architecture)?
· What are end points, contract, address and bindings?
· Which specifications does WCF follow?
· What are the main components of WCF?
· What are different bindings supported by WCF?
· Which are the various programming approaches for WCF?
· What is one way operation?
· Can you explain duplex contracts in WCF?
· How can we host a service on two different protocols on a single server?
· How can we use MSMQ bindings in WCF?
· Can you explain transactions in WCF?
· Can you explain how End points, Contract, Address and Bindings are done in WCF?
· What is a service class?
· What is a service contract, operation contract and Data Contract?
· What are the various ways of hosting a WCF service?
· How do we host a WCF service in IIS?
· What are the advantages of hosting WCF Services in IIS as compared to self hosting?
· What are the major differences between services and Web services?
· What is the difference WCF and Web services?
· What different transaction isolation levels provided in WCF?
· Can we do transactions using MSMQ?
· Can we have two way communications in MSMQ?
· Explain Volatile queues, Dead letter queues & poison message?
· What is Windows CardSpace ?
· What is WCF?
· What are the important principles of SOA (Service oriented Architecture)?
· What are end points, contract, address and bindings?
· Which specifications does WCF follow?
· What are the main components of WCF?
· What are different bindings supported by WCF?
· Which are the various programming approaches for WCF?
· What is one way operation?
· Can you explain duplex contracts in WCF?
· How can we host a service on two different protocols on a single server?
· How can we use MSMQ bindings in WCF?
· Can you explain transactions in WCF?
· Can you explain how End points, Contract, Address and Bindings are done in WCF?
· What is a service class?
· What is a service contract, operation contract and Data Contract?
· What are the various ways of hosting a WCF service?
· How do we host a WCF service in IIS?
· What are the advantages of hosting WCF Services in IIS as compared to self hosting?
· What are the major differences between services and Web services?
· What is the difference WCF and Web services?
· What different transaction isolation levels provided in WCF?
· Can we do transactions using MSMQ?
· Can we have two way communications in MSMQ?
· Explain Volatile queues, Dead letter queues & poison message?
.NET Localization/Globalization Interview Question
· What are satellite assemblies?
· How do we generate Satellite assemblies?
· What are AL.EXE and RESGEN.EXE?
· What’s the use of resource manager class?
· What precautions do we need to take while deploying satellite assemblies?
· Can we get a strongly typed resource class rather than using resource manager?
· Explain the fundamentals of “GetGlobalResourceObject” and “GetLocalResourceObject”?
· What is Unicode and why was it introduced?
· Does .NET support UNICODE and how do you know it supports?
· What’s the difference between localization and globalization?
· What architecture decisions you should consider while planning for international software’s?
· How do we get the current culture of the environment in windows and ASP.NET?
· Which are the important namespaces during localization and globalization?
· What are resource files and how do we generate resource files?
· Can resource file be in any other format other than resx extensions?
· How is resource files actually used in project?
· How can we use Culture Auto in project?
· Can we sign a satellite assembly?
· Can you explain collation sequence in sql server?
· How do we define collation sequence for database and tables?
· Can we change the order in a select query with a specified collation sequence?
· Can you list best practices for globalization and localization?
· Why is the culture set to the current thread?
· How do we generate Satellite assemblies?
· What are AL.EXE and RESGEN.EXE?
· What’s the use of resource manager class?
· What precautions do we need to take while deploying satellite assemblies?
· Can we get a strongly typed resource class rather than using resource manager?
· Explain the fundamentals of “GetGlobalResourceObject” and “GetLocalResourceObject”?
· What is Unicode and why was it introduced?
· Does .NET support UNICODE and how do you know it supports?
· What’s the difference between localization and globalization?
· What architecture decisions you should consider while planning for international software’s?
· How do we get the current culture of the environment in windows and ASP.NET?
· Which are the important namespaces during localization and globalization?
· What are resource files and how do we generate resource files?
· Can resource file be in any other format other than resx extensions?
· How is resource files actually used in project?
· How can we use Culture Auto in project?
· Can we sign a satellite assembly?
· Can you explain collation sequence in sql server?
· How do we define collation sequence for database and tables?
· Can we change the order in a select query with a specified collation sequence?
· Can you list best practices for globalization and localization?
· Why is the culture set to the current thread?
.NET Cache Interview Question
· What are different types of caching using cache object of ASP.NET?
· How can you cache different version of same page using ASP.NET cache object?
· How will implement Page Fragment Caching?
· Can you compare classic ASP with ASP.NET sessions ?
· Which different modes of storing ASP.NET session?
· What’s the difference between Cache object and application object?
· How can get access to cache object?
· What are dependencies in cache and types of dependencies?
· Can you show a simple code showing file dependency in cache?
· What is Cache Callback in Cache?
· What is scavenging?
· Is Session_End event supported in all session modes?
· What are the precautions you will take in order that StateServer Mode work properly?
· What are the precautions you will take in order that SQLSERVER Mode work properly?
· Does the performance for viewstate vary according to User controls?
· What are benefits and Limitation of using Viewstate for state management?
· How can you use Hidden frames to cache client data?
· What are benefits and limitations of using Hidden frames?
· What are benefits and limitations of using Cookies?
· Where do you specify session state mode in ASP.NET?
· What are the other ways you can maintain state?
· What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden fields?
· Explain ViewState?
· What is Query String and what are benefits and limitations of using Query Strings?
· How can you cache different version of same page using ASP.NET cache object?
· How will implement Page Fragment Caching?
· Can you compare classic ASP with ASP.NET sessions ?
· Which different modes of storing ASP.NET session?
· What’s the difference between Cache object and application object?
· How can get access to cache object?
· What are dependencies in cache and types of dependencies?
· Can you show a simple code showing file dependency in cache?
· What is Cache Callback in Cache?
· What is scavenging?
· Is Session_End event supported in all session modes?
· What are the precautions you will take in order that StateServer Mode work properly?
· What are the precautions you will take in order that SQLSERVER Mode work properly?
· Does the performance for viewstate vary according to User controls?
· What are benefits and Limitation of using Viewstate for state management?
· How can you use Hidden frames to cache client data?
· What are benefits and limitations of using Hidden frames?
· What are benefits and limitations of using Cookies?
· Where do you specify session state mode in ASP.NET?
· What are the other ways you can maintain state?
· What are benefits and Limitation of using Hidden fields?
· Explain ViewState?
· What is Query String and what are benefits and limitations of using Query Strings?
Windows 2000 Interview Question
1. Explain hidden shares.
2. How do the permissions work in Windows 2000? What permissions does folder inherit from the parent?
3. Why can’t I encrypt a compressed file on Windows 2000?
4. If I rename an account, what must I do to make sure the renamed account has the same permissions as the original one?
5. What’s the most powerful group on a Windows system?
6. What are the accessibility features in Windows 2000?
7. Why can’t I get to the Fax Service Management console?
8. How do you convert a drive from FAT/FAT32 to NTFS from the command line?
9. Explain APIPA. Auto Private IP Addressing (APIPA
10. How does Internet Connection Sharing work on Windows 2000?
11. What do I need to ensure before deploying an application via a Group Policy?
12. How do you configure mandatory profiles
13. What’s a maximum number of processors Win2k supports? 2
14. I had some NTFS volumes under my Windows NT installation. What happened to NTFS after Win 2k installation?
2. How do the permissions work in Windows 2000? What permissions does folder inherit from the parent?
3. Why can’t I encrypt a compressed file on Windows 2000?
4. If I rename an account, what must I do to make sure the renamed account has the same permissions as the original one?
5. What’s the most powerful group on a Windows system?
6. What are the accessibility features in Windows 2000?
7. Why can’t I get to the Fax Service Management console?
8. How do you convert a drive from FAT/FAT32 to NTFS from the command line?
9. Explain APIPA. Auto Private IP Addressing (APIPA
10. How does Internet Connection Sharing work on Windows 2000?
11. What do I need to ensure before deploying an application via a Group Policy?
12. How do you configure mandatory profiles
13. What’s a maximum number of processors Win2k supports? 2
14. I had some NTFS volumes under my Windows NT installation. What happened to NTFS after Win 2k installation?
JavaScript Objective Interview Question With Answer
1. What should appear at the very end of your JavaScript?
The script LANGUAGE="JavaScript" tag
2. Which of the following can't be done with client-side JavaScript?
3. Which of the following are capabilities of functions in JavaScript?
4. Why so JavaScript and Java have similar name?
5. When a user views a page containing a JavaScript program, which machine actually 6. ______ JavaScript is also called client-side JavaScript.
7. __________ JavaScript is also called server-side JavaScript.
8. What are variables used for in JavaScript Programs?
9. _____ JavaScript statements embedded in an HTML page can respond to user events 10. Which of the following is not a valid JavaScript variable name?
11. ______ tag is an extension to HTML that can enclose any number of JavaScript 12. How does JavaScript store dates in a date object?
13. Which of the following attribute can hold the JavaScript version?
14. What is the correct JavaScript syntax to write "Hello World"?
15. Which of the following way can be used to indicate the LANGUAGE attribute?
16. Inside which HTML element do we put the JavaScript?
17. What is the correct syntax for referring to an external script called " abc.js"?
18. Which types of image maps can be used with JavaScript?
20. Which is the correct way to write a JavaScript array?
21. What does the noscript tag do?
22. If para1 is the DOM object for a paragraph, what is the correct syntax to change the text within the paragraph?
23. JavaScript entities start with _______ and end with _________.
24. Which of the following best describes JavaScript?
25. Choose the server-side JavaScript object?
26. Choose the client-side JavaScript object?
27. Which of the following is not considered a JavaScript operator?
28. ______method evaluates a string of JavaScript code in the context of the specified object.
29. Which of the following event fires when the form element loses the focus: 30. The syntax of Eval is ________________
31. JavaScript is interpreted by _________
32. Using _______ statement is how you test for a specific condition.
33. Which of the following is the structure of an if statement?
34. How to create a Date object in JavaScript?
35. The _______ method of an Array object adds and/or removes elements from an array.
36. To set up the window to capture all Click events, we use which of the following statement?
37. Which tag(s) can handle mouse events in Netscape?
38. ____________ is the tainted property of a window object.
39. To enable data tainting, the end user sets the _________ environment variable.
40. In JavaScript, _________ is an object of the target language data type that encloses an object of the source language.
41. When a JavaScript object is sent to Java, the runtime engine creates a Java wrapper of type ___________
42. _______ class provides an interface for invoking JavaScript methods and examining JavaScript properties.
43. _________ is a wrapped Java array, accessed from within JavaScript code.
44. A ________ object is a reference to one of the classes in a Java package, such as netscape.javascript .
45. The JavaScript exception is available to the Java code as an instance of __________
46. The syntax of a blur method in a button object is ______________
47. The syntax of capture events method for document object is ______________
58. The syntax of close method for document object is ______________
The script LANGUAGE="JavaScript" tag
2. Which of the following can't be done with client-side JavaScript?
3. Which of the following are capabilities of functions in JavaScript?
4. Why so JavaScript and Java have similar name?
5. When a user views a page containing a JavaScript program, which machine actually 6. ______ JavaScript is also called client-side JavaScript.
7. __________ JavaScript is also called server-side JavaScript.
8. What are variables used for in JavaScript Programs?
9. _____ JavaScript statements embedded in an HTML page can respond to user events 10. Which of the following is not a valid JavaScript variable name?
11. ______ tag is an extension to HTML that can enclose any number of JavaScript 12. How does JavaScript store dates in a date object?
13. Which of the following attribute can hold the JavaScript version?
14. What is the correct JavaScript syntax to write "Hello World"?
15. Which of the following way can be used to indicate the LANGUAGE attribute?
16. Inside which HTML element do we put the JavaScript?
17. What is the correct syntax for referring to an external script called " abc.js"?
18. Which types of image maps can be used with JavaScript?
20. Which is the correct way to write a JavaScript array?
21. What does the noscript tag do?
22. If para1 is the DOM object for a paragraph, what is the correct syntax to change the text within the paragraph?
23. JavaScript entities start with _______ and end with _________.
24. Which of the following best describes JavaScript?
25. Choose the server-side JavaScript object?
26. Choose the client-side JavaScript object?
27. Which of the following is not considered a JavaScript operator?
28. ______method evaluates a string of JavaScript code in the context of the specified object.
29. Which of the following event fires when the form element loses the focus: 30. The syntax of Eval is ________________
31. JavaScript is interpreted by _________
32. Using _______ statement is how you test for a specific condition.
33. Which of the following is the structure of an if statement?
34. How to create a Date object in JavaScript?
35. The _______ method of an Array object adds and/or removes elements from an array.
36. To set up the window to capture all Click events, we use which of the following statement?
37. Which tag(s) can handle mouse events in Netscape?
38. ____________ is the tainted property of a window object.
39. To enable data tainting, the end user sets the _________ environment variable.
40. In JavaScript, _________ is an object of the target language data type that encloses an object of the source language.
41. When a JavaScript object is sent to Java, the runtime engine creates a Java wrapper of type ___________
42. _______ class provides an interface for invoking JavaScript methods and examining JavaScript properties.
43. _________ is a wrapped Java array, accessed from within JavaScript code.
44. A ________ object is a reference to one of the classes in a Java package, such as netscape.javascript .
45. The JavaScript exception is available to the Java code as an instance of __________
46. The syntax of a blur method in a button object is ______________
47. The syntax of capture events method for document object is ______________
58. The syntax of close method for document object is ______________
SAP R/3
Can you create a table with fields not referring to data elements?
YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.
What are the different types of data dictionary objects? tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects.
What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".
STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)
ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).
What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batch input process different from processing online?
PROBLEMS:
i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually.
ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range).
step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field).
step 3: creating tables(SE11).
What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?
HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.
A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it?
go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)
What are the domains and data elements?
DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE.
DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.
What is the alternative to batch input session?
Call transaction.
What is a batch input session?
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?
Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again).
YES. eg:- ITAB LIKE SPFLI.here we are referening to a data object(SPFLI) not data element.
What are the different types of data dictionary objects? tables, structures, views, domains, data elements, lock objects, Match code objects.
What should be the approach for writing a BDC program?
STEP 1: CONVERTING THE LEGACY SYSTEM DATA TO A FLAT FILE to internal table CALLED "CONVERSION".
STEP 2: TRANSFERING THE FLAT FILE INTO SAP SYSTEM CALLED "SAP DATA TRANSFER".
STEP 3: DEPENDING UPON THE BDC TYPE
i)call transaction(Write the program explicity)
ii) create sessions (sessions are created and processed.if success data will transfer).
What are the problems in processing batch input sessions and How is batch input process different from processing online?
PROBLEMS:
i) If the user forgets to opt for keep session then the session will be automatically removed from the session queue(log remains). However if session is processed we may delete it manually.
ii)if session processing fails data will not be transferred to SAP database table.
What does an extract statement do in the ABAP program?
Once you have declared the possible record types as field groups and defined their structure, you can fill the extract dataset using the following statements: EXTRACT. When the first EXTRACT statement occurs in a program, the system creates the extract dataset and adds the first extract record to it. In each subsequent EXTRACT statement, the new extract record is added to the dataset EXTRACT HEADER. When you extract the data, the record is filled with the current values of the corresponding fields. As soon as the system has processed the first EXTRACT statement for a field group , the structure of the corresponding extract record in the extract dataset is fixed. You can no longer insert new fields into the field groups and HEADER. If you try to modify one of the field groups afterwards and use it in another EXTRACT statement, a runtime error occurs. By processing EXTRACT statements several times using different field groups, you fill the extract dataset with records of different length and structure. Since you can modify field groups dynamically up to their first usage in an EXTRACT statement, extract datasets provide the advantage that you need not determine the structure at the beginning of the program.
Can a transparent table exist in data dictionary but not in the data base physically?
NO. TRANSPARENT TABLE DO EXIST WITH THE SAME STRUCTURE BOTH IN THE DICTIONARY AS WELL AS IN THE DATABASE,EXACTLY WITH THE SAME DATA AND FIELDS.
What is the step by step process to create a table in data dictionary?
step 1: creating domains(data type, field length, range).
step 2: creating data elements(properties and type for a table field).
step 3: creating tables(SE11).
What is the typical structure of an ABAP/4 program?
HEADER ,BODY,FOOTER.
A situation: An ABAP program creates a batch input session. We need to submit the program and the batch session in back ground. How to do it?
go to SM36 and create background job by giving job name, job class and job steps (JOB SCHEDULING)
What are the domains and data elements?
DOMAINS : FORMAL DEFINITION OF THE DATA TYPES.THEY SET ATTRIBUTES SUCH AS DATA TYPE,LENGTH,RANGE.
DATA ELEMENT : A FIELD IN R/3 SYSTEM IS A DATA ELEMENT.
What is the alternative to batch input session?
Call transaction.
What is a batch input session?
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
What is the advantage of structures? How do you use them in the ABAP programs?
Adv:- GLOBAL EXISTANCE(these could be used by any other program without creating it again).
Puzzles For Freshers [1]
Arjan, Bhuvan, Guran and Lakha had 90, 50, 55 and 45 sheep respectively.
Assume that Arjan, Bhuvan, Guran and Lakha had A, B, G and L sheep respectively. As it is given that at the end each would have an equal number of sheep, comparing the final numbers from the above table.
Arjan's sheep = Bhuvan's sheep
2A/3 = A/4 + 3B/4
8A = 3A + 9B
5A = 9B
Arjan's sheep = Guran's sheep
2A/3 = A/15 + B/5 + 4G/5
2A/3 = A/15 + A/9 + 4G/5 (as B=5A/9)
30A = 3A + 5A + 36G
22A = 36G
11A = 18G
Arjan's sheep = Lakha's sheep
2A/3 = A/60 + B/20 + G/5 + L
2A/3 = A/60 + A/36 + 11A/90 + L (as B=5A/9 and G=11A/18)
2A/3 = A/6 + L
A/2 = L
A = 2L
Also, it is given that Guran had ten more sheep than Lakha.
G = L + 10
11A/18 = A/2 + 10
A/9 = 10
A = 90 sheep
Thus, Arjan had 90 sheep, Bhuvan had 5A/9 i.e. 50 sheep, Guran had 11A/18 i.e. 55 sheep and Lakha had A/2 i.e. 45 sheep.
Consider a number 235, where last digit is the sum of first two digits i.e. 2 + 3= 5.
How many
Find the smallest number such that if its rightmost digit is placed at its left end, the new number so formed is precisely 50% larger than the original number.
Answer
The answer is 285714.
If its rightmost digit is placed at its left end, then new number is 428571 which is 50% larger than the original number 285714
The simplest way is to write a small program. And the other way is trial and error !!!
Two identical pack of cards A and B are shuffled throughly. One card is picked from A and shuffled with B. The top card from pack A is turned up. If this is the Queen of Hearts, what are the chances that the top card in B will be the King of Hearts?
Answer 52 / 2703
There are two cases to be considered.
CASE 1 : King of Hearts is drawn from Pack A and shuffled with Pack B
Probability of drawing King of Hearts from Pack A = 1/51 (as Queen of Hearts is not to be drawn)
Probability of having King of Hearts on the top of the Pack B = 2/53
So total probability of case 1 = (1/51) * (2/53) = 2 / (51 * 53)
CASE 2 : King of Hearts is not drawn from Pack A
Probability of not drawing King of Hearts from Pack A = 50/51 (as Queen of Hearts is not to be drawn)
Probability of having King of Hearts on the top of the Pack B = 1/53
So total probability of case 2 = (50/51) * (1/53) = 50 / (51 * 53)
Now adding both the probability, the required probability is
= 2 / (51 * 53) + 50 / (51 * 53)
= 52 / (51 * 53)
= 52 / 2703
= 0.0192378
There is a 4-character code, with 2 of them being letters and the other 2 being numbers.
How many maximum attempts would be necessary to find the correct code? Note that the code is case-sensitive.
Answer
The maximum number of attempts required are 16,22,400
There are 52 possible letters - a to z and A to Z, and 10 possible numbers - 0 to 9. Now, 4 characters - 2 letters and 2 numbers, can be selected in 52*52*10*10 ways. These 4 characters can be arranged in 4C2 i.e. 6 different ways - the number of unique patterns that can be formed by lining up 4 objects of which 2 are distinguished one way (i.e. they must be letters) and the other 2 are distinguished another way (i.e. they must be numbers).
Consider an example : Let's assume that @ represents letter and # represents number. the 6 possible ways of arranging them are : @@##, @#@#, @##@, #@@#, #@#@, ##@@
Hence, the required answer is
= 52*52*10*10*6
= 16,22,400 attempts
= 1.6 million approx.
How many ways are there of arranging the sixteen black or white pieces of a standard international chess set on the first two rows of the board?
Given that each pawn is identical and each rook, knight and bishop is identical to its pair.
Answer 6,48,64,800 ways
There are total 16 pieces which can be arranged on 16 places in 16P16 = 16! ways.
(16! = 16 * 15 * 14 * 13 * 12 * ..... * 3 * 2 * 1)
But, there are some duplicate combinations because of identical pieces.
There are 8 identical pawn, which can be arranged in 8P8 = 8! ways.
Similarly there are 2 identical rooks, 2 identical knights and 2 identical bishops. Each can be arranged in 2P2 = 2! ways.
Hence, the require answer is
= (16!) / (8! * 2! * 2! * 2!)
= 6,48,64,800
******************************************************************
A person with some money spends 1/3 for cloths, 1/5 of the remaining for food and 1/4 of the remaining for travel. He is left with Rs 100/-
How much did he have with him in the begining?
Answer Rs. 250/-
Assume that initially he had Rs. X
He spent 1/3 for cloths =. (1/3) * X
Remaining money = (2/3) * X
He spent 1/5 of remaining money for food = (1/5) * (2/3) * X = (2/15) * X
Remaining money = (2/3) * X - (2/15) * X = (8/15) * X
Again, he spent 1/4 of remaining maoney for travel = (1/4) * (8/15) * X = (2/15) * X
Remaining money = (8/15) * X - (2/15) * X = (6/15) * X
But after spending for travel he is left with Rs. 100/- So
(6/15) * X = 100
X = 250
Grass in lawn grows equally thick and in a uniform rate. It takes 24 days for 70 cows and 60 days for 30 cows to eat the whole of the grass.
How many cows are needed to eat the grass in 96 days?
Answer 20 cows
g - grass at the beginning
r - rate at which grass grows, per day
y - rate at which one cow eats grass, per day
n - no of cows to eat the grass in 96 days
From given data,
g + 24*r = 70 * 24 * y - A
g + 60*r = 30 * 60 * y - B
g + 96*r = n * 96 * y - C
Solving for (B-A),
(60 * r) - (24 * r) = (30 * 60 * y) - (70 * 24 * y)
36 * r = 120 * y - D
Solving for (C-B),
(96 * r) - (60 * r) = (n * 96 * y) - (30 * 60 * y)
36 * r = (n * 96 - 30 * 60) * y
120 * y = (n * 96 - 30 * 60) * y [From D]
120 = (n * 96 - 1800)
n = 20
Hence, 20 cows are needed to eat the grass in 96 days.
There is a safe with a 5 digit number as the key. The 4th digit is 4 greater than the second digit, while the 3rd digit is 3 less than the 2nd digit. The 1st digit is thrice the last digit. There are 3 pairs whose sum is 11.
Find the number.
Answer 65292
As per given conditions, there are three possible combinations for 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits. They are (3, 0, 7) or (4, 1, 8) or (5, 2, 9)
It is given that there are 3 pairs whose sum is 11. All possible pairs are (2, 9), (3, 8), (4, 7), (5, 6). Now required number is 5 digit number and it contains 3 pairs of 11. So it must not be having 0 and 1 in it. Hence, the only possible combination for 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits is (5, 2, 9)
Also, 1st digit is thrice the last digit. The possible combinations are (3, 1), (6, 2) and (9, 3), out of which only (6, 2) with (5, 2, 9) gives 3 pairs of 11. Hence, the
answer is 65292.
Assume that Arjan, Bhuvan, Guran and Lakha had A, B, G and L sheep respectively. As it is given that at the end each would have an equal number of sheep, comparing the final numbers from the above table.
Arjan's sheep = Bhuvan's sheep
2A/3 = A/4 + 3B/4
8A = 3A + 9B
5A = 9B
Arjan's sheep = Guran's sheep
2A/3 = A/15 + B/5 + 4G/5
2A/3 = A/15 + A/9 + 4G/5 (as B=5A/9)
30A = 3A + 5A + 36G
22A = 36G
11A = 18G
Arjan's sheep = Lakha's sheep
2A/3 = A/60 + B/20 + G/5 + L
2A/3 = A/60 + A/36 + 11A/90 + L (as B=5A/9 and G=11A/18)
2A/3 = A/6 + L
A/2 = L
A = 2L
Also, it is given that Guran had ten more sheep than Lakha.
G = L + 10
11A/18 = A/2 + 10
A/9 = 10
A = 90 sheep
Thus, Arjan had 90 sheep, Bhuvan had 5A/9 i.e. 50 sheep, Guran had 11A/18 i.e. 55 sheep and Lakha had A/2 i.e. 45 sheep.
Consider a number 235, where last digit is the sum of first two digits i.e. 2 + 3= 5.
How many
Find the smallest number such that if its rightmost digit is placed at its left end, the new number so formed is precisely 50% larger than the original number.
Answer
The answer is 285714.
If its rightmost digit is placed at its left end, then new number is 428571 which is 50% larger than the original number 285714
The simplest way is to write a small program. And the other way is trial and error !!!
Two identical pack of cards A and B are shuffled throughly. One card is picked from A and shuffled with B. The top card from pack A is turned up. If this is the Queen of Hearts, what are the chances that the top card in B will be the King of Hearts?
Answer 52 / 2703
There are two cases to be considered.
CASE 1 : King of Hearts is drawn from Pack A and shuffled with Pack B
Probability of drawing King of Hearts from Pack A = 1/51 (as Queen of Hearts is not to be drawn)
Probability of having King of Hearts on the top of the Pack B = 2/53
So total probability of case 1 = (1/51) * (2/53) = 2 / (51 * 53)
CASE 2 : King of Hearts is not drawn from Pack A
Probability of not drawing King of Hearts from Pack A = 50/51 (as Queen of Hearts is not to be drawn)
Probability of having King of Hearts on the top of the Pack B = 1/53
So total probability of case 2 = (50/51) * (1/53) = 50 / (51 * 53)
Now adding both the probability, the required probability is
= 2 / (51 * 53) + 50 / (51 * 53)
= 52 / (51 * 53)
= 52 / 2703
= 0.0192378
There is a 4-character code, with 2 of them being letters and the other 2 being numbers.
How many maximum attempts would be necessary to find the correct code? Note that the code is case-sensitive.
Answer
The maximum number of attempts required are 16,22,400
There are 52 possible letters - a to z and A to Z, and 10 possible numbers - 0 to 9. Now, 4 characters - 2 letters and 2 numbers, can be selected in 52*52*10*10 ways. These 4 characters can be arranged in 4C2 i.e. 6 different ways - the number of unique patterns that can be formed by lining up 4 objects of which 2 are distinguished one way (i.e. they must be letters) and the other 2 are distinguished another way (i.e. they must be numbers).
Consider an example : Let's assume that @ represents letter and # represents number. the 6 possible ways of arranging them are : @@##, @#@#, @##@, #@@#, #@#@, ##@@
Hence, the required answer is
= 52*52*10*10*6
= 16,22,400 attempts
= 1.6 million approx.
How many ways are there of arranging the sixteen black or white pieces of a standard international chess set on the first two rows of the board?
Given that each pawn is identical and each rook, knight and bishop is identical to its pair.
Answer 6,48,64,800 ways
There are total 16 pieces which can be arranged on 16 places in 16P16 = 16! ways.
(16! = 16 * 15 * 14 * 13 * 12 * ..... * 3 * 2 * 1)
But, there are some duplicate combinations because of identical pieces.
There are 8 identical pawn, which can be arranged in 8P8 = 8! ways.
Similarly there are 2 identical rooks, 2 identical knights and 2 identical bishops. Each can be arranged in 2P2 = 2! ways.
Hence, the require answer is
= (16!) / (8! * 2! * 2! * 2!)
= 6,48,64,800
******************************************************************
A person with some money spends 1/3 for cloths, 1/5 of the remaining for food and 1/4 of the remaining for travel. He is left with Rs 100/-
How much did he have with him in the begining?
Answer Rs. 250/-
Assume that initially he had Rs. X
He spent 1/3 for cloths =. (1/3) * X
Remaining money = (2/3) * X
He spent 1/5 of remaining money for food = (1/5) * (2/3) * X = (2/15) * X
Remaining money = (2/3) * X - (2/15) * X = (8/15) * X
Again, he spent 1/4 of remaining maoney for travel = (1/4) * (8/15) * X = (2/15) * X
Remaining money = (8/15) * X - (2/15) * X = (6/15) * X
But after spending for travel he is left with Rs. 100/- So
(6/15) * X = 100
X = 250
Grass in lawn grows equally thick and in a uniform rate. It takes 24 days for 70 cows and 60 days for 30 cows to eat the whole of the grass.
How many cows are needed to eat the grass in 96 days?
Answer 20 cows
g - grass at the beginning
r - rate at which grass grows, per day
y - rate at which one cow eats grass, per day
n - no of cows to eat the grass in 96 days
From given data,
g + 24*r = 70 * 24 * y - A
g + 60*r = 30 * 60 * y - B
g + 96*r = n * 96 * y - C
Solving for (B-A),
(60 * r) - (24 * r) = (30 * 60 * y) - (70 * 24 * y)
36 * r = 120 * y - D
Solving for (C-B),
(96 * r) - (60 * r) = (n * 96 * y) - (30 * 60 * y)
36 * r = (n * 96 - 30 * 60) * y
120 * y = (n * 96 - 30 * 60) * y [From D]
120 = (n * 96 - 1800)
n = 20
Hence, 20 cows are needed to eat the grass in 96 days.
There is a safe with a 5 digit number as the key. The 4th digit is 4 greater than the second digit, while the 3rd digit is 3 less than the 2nd digit. The 1st digit is thrice the last digit. There are 3 pairs whose sum is 11.
Find the number.
Answer 65292
As per given conditions, there are three possible combinations for 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits. They are (3, 0, 7) or (4, 1, 8) or (5, 2, 9)
It is given that there are 3 pairs whose sum is 11. All possible pairs are (2, 9), (3, 8), (4, 7), (5, 6). Now required number is 5 digit number and it contains 3 pairs of 11. So it must not be having 0 and 1 in it. Hence, the only possible combination for 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits is (5, 2, 9)
Also, 1st digit is thrice the last digit. The possible combinations are (3, 1), (6, 2) and (9, 3), out of which only (6, 2) with (5, 2, 9) gives 3 pairs of 11. Hence, the
answer is 65292.
ASP.NET Interview Question With Answer
1.Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll and aspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process ?
Ans : inetinfo.exe is the Microsoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things. When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension), the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request to the actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.
2. What’s the difference between Response.Write() and Response.Output.Write()?
Ans : Response.Output.Write() allows you to write formatted output.
3. What methods are fired during the page load?
Ans : Init() - when the page is instantiated
Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory
PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user as HTML
Unload() - when page finishes loading.
4. When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
Ans : After the Init() and before the Page_Load(), or OnLoad() for a control.
5. What namespace does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
Ans : System.Web.UI.Page
6. Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
Ans : System.Web.UI.Page.Culture
7. What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" and Src="MyCode.aspx.cs"?
Ans : CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.
8. What’s a bubbled event?
Ans : When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their event handlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.
9. Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver for a certain button. Where do you add an event handler?
Ans : Add an OnMouseOver attribute to the button. Example: btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onmouseover","someClientCodeHere();");
10. What data types do the RangeValidator control support?
Ans : Integer, String, and Date.1. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Ans : Server-side code executes on the server. Client-side code executes in the client's browser.
12. What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Ans : The answer is server-side code since code-behind is executed on the server. However, during the code-behind's execution on the server, it can render client-side code such as JavaScript to be processed in the clients browser. But just to be clear, code-behind executes on the server, thus making it server-side code.
13. Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
Ans : All user input data validation should occur on the server at a minimum. Additionally, client-side validation can be performed where deemed appropriate and feasable to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user.
14. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
Ans : Server.Transfer transfers page processing from one page directly to the next page without making a round-trip back to the client's browser. This provides a faster response with a little less overhead on the server. Server.Transfer does not update the clients url history list or current url. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user's browser to another page or site. This perform as a trip back to the client where the client's browser is redirected to the new page. The user's browser history list is updated to reflect the new address.
15. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Valid answers are:
· A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
· A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
· Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
· There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
· DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
· You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
· Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.
16. What is the Global.asax used for?
Ans : The Global.asax (including the Global.asax.cs file) is used to implement application and session level events.
17. What are the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines used for?
Ans : This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.
18. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
Ans : When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Example: With a base class named Employee, a Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.
19. Whats an assembly?
Ans : Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework.
20. Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Ans : Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page
21. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
Ans : The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. A good use is reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.
22. Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
Ans : MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL. MSIL also allows the .NET Framework to JIT compile the assembly on the installed computer.
23. Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
Ans : The Fill() method.
24. Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
Ans : No, it just reads the information from its data source.
25. Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
Ans : ItemTemplate
Ans : inetinfo.exe is the Microsoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things. When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension), the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request to the actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe.
2. What’s the difference between Response.Write() and Response.Output.Write()?
Ans : Response.Output.Write() allows you to write formatted output.
3. What methods are fired during the page load?
Ans : Init() - when the page is instantiated
Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory
PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user as HTML
Unload() - when page finishes loading.
4. When during the page processing cycle is ViewState available?
Ans : After the Init() and before the Page_Load(), or OnLoad() for a control.
5. What namespace does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?
Ans : System.Web.UI.Page
6. Where do you store the information about the user’s locale?
Ans : System.Web.UI.Page.Culture
7. What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" and Src="MyCode.aspx.cs"?
Ans : CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.
8. What’s a bubbled event?
Ans : When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their event handlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.
9. Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver for a certain button. Where do you add an event handler?
Ans : Add an OnMouseOver attribute to the button. Example: btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onmouseover","someClientCodeHere();");
10. What data types do the RangeValidator control support?
Ans : Integer, String, and Date.1. Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?
Ans : Server-side code executes on the server. Client-side code executes in the client's browser.
12. What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
Ans : The answer is server-side code since code-behind is executed on the server. However, during the code-behind's execution on the server, it can render client-side code such as JavaScript to be processed in the clients browser. But just to be clear, code-behind executes on the server, thus making it server-side code.
13. Should user input data validation occur server-side or client-side? Why?
Ans : All user input data validation should occur on the server at a minimum. Additionally, client-side validation can be performed where deemed appropriate and feasable to provide a richer, more responsive experience for the user.
14. What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other?
Ans : Server.Transfer transfers page processing from one page directly to the next page without making a round-trip back to the client's browser. This provides a faster response with a little less overhead on the server. Server.Transfer does not update the clients url history list or current url. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user's browser to another page or site. This perform as a trip back to the client where the client's browser is redirected to the new page. The user's browser history list is updated to reflect the new address.
15. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
Valid answers are:
· A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
· A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
· Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
· There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
· DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
· You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
· Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.
16. What is the Global.asax used for?
Ans : The Global.asax (including the Global.asax.cs file) is used to implement application and session level events.
17. What are the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines used for?
Ans : This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.
18. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
Ans : When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Example: With a base class named Employee, a Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.
19. Whats an assembly?
Ans : Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework.
20. Describe the difference between inline and code behind.
Ans : Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page
21. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one?
Ans : The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. A good use is reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.
22. Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
Ans : MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL. MSIL also allows the .NET Framework to JIT compile the assembly on the installed computer.
23. Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data?
Ans : The Fill() method.
24. Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
Ans : No, it just reads the information from its data source.
25. Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
Ans : ItemTemplate
Hadware & Microprocessor Interview Question
What is a Microprocessor? -
Microprocessor is a program-controlled device, which fetches the instructions from memory, decodes and executes the instructions. Most Micro Processor are single- chip devices.
Give examples for 8 / 16 / 32 bit Microprocessor? -
8-bit Processor - 8085 / Z80 / 6800; 16-bit Processor - 8086 / 68000 / Z8000; 32-bit Processor - 80386 / 80486.
Why 8085 processor is called an 8 bit processor? -
Because 8085 processor has 8 bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Review). Similarly 8086 processor has 16 bit ALU.
For a single computer processor computer system, what is the purpose of a processor cache and describe its operation?
Explain the operation considering a two processor computer system with a cache for each processor.
What are the main issues associated with multiprocessor caches and how might you solve it?
Explain the difference between write through and write back cache.
Are you familiar with the term MESI?
Are you familiar with the term snooping?
Describe a finite state machine that will detect three consecutive coin tosses (of one coin) that results in heads
Microprocessor is a program-controlled device, which fetches the instructions from memory, decodes and executes the instructions. Most Micro Processor are single- chip devices.
Give examples for 8 / 16 / 32 bit Microprocessor? -
8-bit Processor - 8085 / Z80 / 6800; 16-bit Processor - 8086 / 68000 / Z8000; 32-bit Processor - 80386 / 80486.
Why 8085 processor is called an 8 bit processor? -
Because 8085 processor has 8 bit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Review). Similarly 8086 processor has 16 bit ALU.
For a single computer processor computer system, what is the purpose of a processor cache and describe its operation?
Explain the operation considering a two processor computer system with a cache for each processor.
What are the main issues associated with multiprocessor caches and how might you solve it?
Explain the difference between write through and write back cache.
Are you familiar with the term MESI?
Are you familiar with the term snooping?
Describe a finite state machine that will detect three consecutive coin tosses (of one coin) that results in heads
Interview Question Project Management
What is project management?
Why are project managers required?
What all activities come under project planning?
Who all are the stakeholders in a project?
How do you initiate projects? What all groups are involved? Is there any formal process adopted in your organization?
What all documents created for the project and their significance?
How do you identify the number of resources required for the project?
Explain different software development life cycles ?
What are the contents of project management plan document?
What is a fish bone diagram ? What is Ishikawa diagram ?
What is pareto principle ? What is80/20 principle ?
What tools were used for configuration management?
How do you handle change request? What is internal change request?
What is the software you have used for project management?
What activities are performed while project closure?
What do you understand by defect prevention?
How is software shipment managed in the project?
How are the efforts estimated in the Project?
What methodology is used for estimations?
What do you understand by project risks?
How are project risks identified? How would you mitigate the same?
How to take care of hardware and software requirement for the project?
What are quality plans? What are the key objectives?
What are SCM plans? What are the key objectives?
What is meant by deviation?
What status reporting mechanism was used in the Project?
Explain project life cycle ?
How many phases are there in software project ?
Why are project managers required?
What all activities come under project planning?
Who all are the stakeholders in a project?
How do you initiate projects? What all groups are involved? Is there any formal process adopted in your organization?
What all documents created for the project and their significance?
How do you identify the number of resources required for the project?
Explain different software development life cycles ?
What are the contents of project management plan document?
What is a fish bone diagram ? What is Ishikawa diagram ?
What is pareto principle ? What is80/20 principle ?
What tools were used for configuration management?
How do you handle change request? What is internal change request?
What is the software you have used for project management?
What activities are performed while project closure?
What do you understand by defect prevention?
How is software shipment managed in the project?
How are the efforts estimated in the Project?
What methodology is used for estimations?
What do you understand by project risks?
How are project risks identified? How would you mitigate the same?
How to take care of hardware and software requirement for the project?
What are quality plans? What are the key objectives?
What are SCM plans? What are the key objectives?
What is meant by deviation?
What status reporting mechanism was used in the Project?
Explain project life cycle ?
How many phases are there in software project ?
EJB Interview Question
1. What is EJB
EJB stands for Enterprise JavaBean and is a widely-adopted server side component architecture for J2EE. It enables rapid development of mission-critical application that are versatile, reusable and portable across middleware while protecting IT investment and preventing vendor lock-in.
2. What is session Facade?
Session Facade is a design pattern to access the Entity bean through local interface than accessing directly. It increases the performance over the network. In this case we call session bean which on turn call entity bean.
3. What is EJB role in J2EE?
EJB technology is the core of J2EE. It enables developers to write reusable and portable server-side business logic for the J2EE platform.
4. What is the difference between EJB and Java beans?
EJB is a specification for J2EE server, not a product; Java beans may be a graphical component in IDE.
5. What are the key features of the EJB technology?
1. EJB components are server-side components written entirely in the Java programming language
2. EJB components contain business logic only - no system-level programming & services, such as transactions, security, life-cycle, threading, persistence, etc. are automatically managed for the EJB component by the EJB server.
3. EJB architecture is inherently transactional, distributed, portable multi-tier, scalable and secure.
4. EJB components are fully portable across any EJB server and any OS.
5. EJB architecture is wire-protocol neutral--any protocol can be utilized like IIOP,JRMP, HTTP, DCOM,etc.
6. What are the key benefits of the EJB technology?
1. Rapid application development
2. Broad industry adoption
3. Application portability
4. Protection of IT investment
7. How many enterprise beans?
There are three kinds of enterprise beans:
1. session beans,
2. entity beans, and
3. message-driven beans.
8. What is message-driven bean?
A message-driven bean combines features of a session bean and a Java Message Service (JMS) message listener, allowing a business component to receive JMS. A message-driven bean enables asynchronous clients to access the business logic in the EJB tier.
9. What is Entity Bean and Session Bean ?
Entity Bean is a Java class which implements an Enterprise Bean interface and provides the implementation of the business methods. There are two types: Container Managed Persistence(CMP) and Bean-Managed Persistence(BMP).
Session Bean is used to represent a workflow on behalf of a client. There are two types: Stateless and Stateful. Stateless bean is the simplest bean. It doesn't maintain any conversational state with clients between method invocations. Stateful bean maintains state between invocations.
10. How EJB Invocation happens?
Retrieve Home Object reference from Naming Service via JNDI. Return Home Object reference to the client. Create me a new EJB Object through Home Object interface. Create EJB Object from the Ejb Object. Return EJB Object reference to the client. Invoke business method using EJB Object reference. Delegate request to Bean (Enterprise Bean).
11. Is it possible to share an HttpSession between a JSP and EJB? What happens when I change a value in the HttpSession from inside an EJB?
You can pass the HttpSession as parameter to an EJB method, only if all objects in session are serializable.This has to be consider as passed-by-value, that means that it’s read-only in the EJB. If anything is altered from inside the EJB, it won’t be reflected back to the HttpSession of the Servlet Container.The pass-by-reference can be used between EJBs Remote Interfaces, as they are remote references. While it is possible to pass an HttpSession as a parameter to an EJB object, it is considered to be bad practice in terms of object-oriented design. This is because you are creating an unnecessary coupling between back-end objects (EJBs) and front-end objects (HttpSession). Create a higher-level of abstraction for your EJBs API. Rather than passing the whole, fat, HttpSession (which carries with it a bunch of http semantics), create a class that acts as a value object (or structure) that holds all the data you need to pass back and forth between front-end/back-end. Consider the case where your EJB needs to support a non HTTP-based client. This higher level of abstraction will be flexible enough to support it.
12. The EJB container implements the EJBHome and EJBObject classes. For every request from a unique client, does the container create a separate instance of the generated EJBHome and EJBObject classes?
The EJB container maintains an instance pool. The container uses these instances for the EJB Home reference irrespective of the client request. while refering the EJB Object classes the container creates a separate instance for each client request. The instance pool maintenance is up to the implementation of the container. If the container provides one, it is available otherwise it is not mandatory for the provider to implement it. Having said that, yes most of the container providers implement the pooling functionality to increase the performance of the application server. The way it is implemented is, again, up to the implementer.
13. Can the primary key in the entity bean be a Java primitive type such as int?
The primary key can’t be a primitive type. Use the primitive wrapper classes, instead. For example, you can use java.lang.Integer as the primary key class, but not int (it has to be a class, not a primitive).
14. Can you control when passivation occurs?
The developer, according to the specification, cannot directly control when passivation occurs. Although for Stateful Session Beans, the container cannot passivate an instance that is inside a transaction. So using transactions can be a a strategy to control passivation. The ejbPassivate() method is called during passivation, so the developer has control over what to do during this exercise and can implement the require optimized logic. Some EJB containers, such as BEA WebLogic, provide the ability to tune the container to minimize passivation calls. Taken from the WebLogic 6.0 DTD -The passivation-strategy can be either default or transaction. With the default setting the container will attempt to keep a working set of beans in the cache. With the transaction setting, the container will passivate the bean after every transaction (or method call for a non-transactional invocation).
15. What is the advantage of using Entity bean for database operations, over directly using JDBC API to do database operations? When would I use one over the other?
Entity Beans actually represents the data in a database. It is not that Entity Beans replaces JDBC API. There are two types of Entity Beans Container Managed and Bean Mananged. In Container Managed Entity Bean - Whenever the instance of the bean is created the container automatically retrieves the data from the DB/Persistance storage and assigns to the object variables in bean for user to manipulate or use them. For this the developer needs to map the fields in the database to the variables in deployment descriptor files (which varies for each vendor). In the Bean Managed Entity Bean - The developer has to specifically make connection, retrive values, assign them to the objects in the ejbLoad() which will be called by the container when it instatiates a bean object. Similarly in the ejbStore() the container saves the object values back the the persistance storage. ejbLoad and ejbStore are callback methods and can be only invoked by the container. Apart from this, when you use Entity beans you dont need to worry about database transaction handling, database connection pooling etc. which are taken care by the ejb container.
16. What is EJB QL?
EJB QL is a Query Language provided for navigation across a network of enterprise beans and dependent objects defined by means of container managed persistence. EJB QL is introduced in the EJB 2.0 specification. The EJB QL query language defines finder methods for entity beans with container managed persistenceand is portable across containers and persistence managers. EJB QL is used for queries of two types of finder methods: Finder methods that are defined in the home interface of an entity bean and which return entity objects. Select methods, which are not exposed to the client, but which are used by the Bean Provider to select persistent values that are maintained by the Persistence Manager or to select entity objects that are related to the entity bean on which the query is defined.
17. Brief description about local interfaces?
EEJB was originally designed around remote invocation using the Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) mechanism, and later extended to support to standard CORBA transport for these calls using RMI/IIOP. This design allowed for maximum flexibility in developing applications without consideration for the deployment scenario, and was a strong feature in support of a goal of component reuse in J2EE. Many developers are using EJBs locally, that is, some or all of their EJB calls are between beans in a single container. With this feedback in mind, the EJB 2.0 expert group has created a local interface mechanism. The local interface may be defined for a bean during development, to allow streamlined calls to the bean if a caller is in the same container. This does not involve the overhead involved with RMI like marshalling etc. This facility will thus improve the performance of applications in which co-location is planned. Local interfaces also provide the foundation for container-managed relationships among entity beans with container-managed persistence.
18. What are the special design care that must be taken when you work with local interfaces?
It is important to understand that the calling semantics of local interfaces are different from those of remote interfaces. For example, remote interfaces pass parameters using call-by-value semantics, while local interfaces use call-by-reference. This means that in order to use local interfaces safely, application developers need to carefully consider potential deployment scenarios up front, then decide which interfaces can be local and which remote, and finally, develop the application code with these choices in mind. While EJB 2.0 local interfaces are extremely useful in some situations, the long-term costs of these choices, especially when changing requirements and component reuse are taken into account, need to be factored into the design decision.
19. What happens if remove( ) is never invoked on a session bean?
In case of a stateless session bean it may not matter if we call or not as in both cases nothing is done. The number of beans in cache is managed by the container. In case of stateful session bean, the bean may be kept in cache till either the session times out, in which case the bean is removed or when there is a requirement for memory in which case the data is cached and the bean is sent to free pool.
20. What is the difference between Message Driven Beans and Stateless Session beans?
In several ways, the dynamic creation and allocation of message-driven bean instances mimics the behavior of stateless session EJB instances, which exist only for the duration of a particular method call. However, message-driven beans are different from stateless session EJBs (and other types of EJBs) in several significant ways: Message-driven beans process multiple JMS messages asynchronously, rather than processing a serialized sequence of method calls. Message-driven beans have no home or remote interface, and therefore cannot be directly accessed by internal or external clients. Clients interact with message-driven beans only indirectly, by sending a message to a JMS Queue or Topic. Only the container directly interacts with a message-driven bean by creating bean instances and passing JMS messages to those instances as necessary. The Container maintains the entire lifecycle of a message-driven bean; instances cannot be created or removed as a result of client requests or other API calls.
22. How can I call one EJB from inside of another EJB?
EJBs can be clients of other EJBs. It just works. Use JNDI to locate the Home Interface of the other bean, then acquire an instance reference, and so forth.
23. What is an EJB Context?
EJBContext is an interface that is implemented by the container, and it is also a part of the bean-container contract. Entity beans use a subclass of EJBContext called EntityContext. Session beans use a subclass called SessionContext. These EJBContext objects provide the bean class with information about its container, the client using the bean and the bean itself. They also provide other functions. See the API docs and the spec for more details.
24. Is is possible for an EJB client to marshal an object of class java.lang.Class to an EJB?
Technically yes, spec. compliant NO! - The enterprise bean must not attempt to query a class to obtain information about the declared members that are not otherwise accessible to the enterprise bean because of the security rules of the Java language
25. Is it legal to have static initializer blocks in EJB?
Although technically it is legal, static initializer blocks are used to execute some piece of code before executing any constructor or method while instantiating a class. Static initializer blocks are also typically used to initialize static fields - which may be illegal in EJB if they are read/write - In EJB this can be achieved by including the code in either the ejbCreate(), setSessionContext() or setEntityContext() methods.
26. Is it possible to stop the execution of a method before completion in a SessionBean?
Stopping the execution of a method inside a Session Bean is not possible without writing code inside the Session Bean. This is because you are not allowed to access Threads inside an EJB.
27. What is the default transaction attribute for an EJB?
There is no default transaction attribute for an EJB. Section 11.5 of EJB v1.1 spec says that the deployer must specify a value for the transaction attribute for those methods having container managed transaction. In WebLogic, the default transaction attribute for EJB is SUPPORTS.
28. What is the difference between session and entity beans? When should I use one or the other?
An entity bean represents persistent global data from the database; a session bean represents transient user-specific data that will die when the user disconnects (ends his session). Generally, the session beans implement business methods (e.g. Bank.transferFunds) that call entity beans (e.g. Account.deposit, Account.withdraw)
29. Is there any default cache management system with Entity beans ?
In other words whether a cache of the data in database will be maintained in EJB ? - Caching data from a database inside the AAApplication Server are what Entity EJB’s are used for.The ejbLoad() and ejbStore() methods are used to synchronize the Entity Bean state with the persistent storage(database). Transactions also play an important role in this scenario. If data is removed from the database, via an external application - your Entity Bean can still be alive the EJB container. When the transaction commits, ejbStore() is called and the row will not be found, and the transaction rolled back.
30. Why is ejbFindByPrimaryKey mandatory?
An Entity Bean represents persistent data that is stored outside of the EJB Container/Server. The ejbFindByPrimaryKey is a method used to locate and load an Entity Bean into the container, similar to a SELECT statement in SQL. By making this method mandatory, the client programmer can be assured that if they have the primary key of the Entity Bean, then they can retrieve the bean without having to create a new bean each time - which would mean creating duplications of persistent data and break the integrity of EJB.
31. Why do we have a remove method in both EJBHome and EJBObject?
With the EJBHome version of the remove, you are able to delete an entity bean without first instantiating it (you can provide a PrimaryKey object as a parameter to the remove method). The home version only works for entity beans. On the other hand, the Remote interface version works on an entity bean that you have already instantiated. In addition, the remote version also works on session beans (stateless and stateful) to inform the container of your loss of interest in this bean.
32. How can I call one EJB from inside of another EJB?
EJBs can be clients of other EJBs. It just works. Use JNDI to locate the Home Interface of the other bean, then acquire an instance reference, and so forth.
33. What is the difference between a Server, a Container, and a Connector?
An EJB server is an application, usually a product such as BEA WebLogic, that provides (or should provide) for concurrent client connections and manages system resources such as threads, processes, memory, database connections, network connections, etc. An EJB container runs inside (or within) an EJB server, and provides deployed EJB beans with transaction and security management, etc. The EJB container insulates an EJB bean from the specifics of an underlying EJB server by providing a simple, standard API between the EJB bean and its container. A Connector provides the ability for any Enterprise Information System (EIS) to plug into any EJB server which supports the Connector architecture. See Sun’s J2EE Connectors for more in-depth information on Connectors.
34. How is persistence implemented in enterprise beans?
Persistence in EJB is taken care of in two ways, depending on how you implement your beans: container managed persistence (CMP) or bean managed persistence (BMP) For CMP, the EJB container which your beans run under takes care of the persistence of the fields you have declared to be persisted with the database - this declaration is in the deployment descriptor. So, anytime you modify a field in a CMP bean, as soon as the method you have executed is finished, the new data is persisted to the database by the container. For BMP, the EJB bean developer is responsible for defining the persistence routines in the proper places in the bean, for instance, the ejbCreate(), ejbStore(), ejbRemove() methods would be developed by the bean developer to make calls to the database. The container is responsible, in BMP, to call the appropriate method on the bean. So, if the bean is being looked up, when the create() method is called on the Home interface, then the container is responsible for calling the ejbCreate() method in the bean, which should have functionality inside for going to the database and looking up the data.
35. What is an EJB Context?
EJBContext is an interface that is implemented by the container, and it is also a part of the bean-container contract. Entity beans use a subclass of EJBContext called EntityContext. Session beans use a subclass called SessionContext. These EJBContext objects provide the bean class with information about its container, the client using the bean and the bean itself. They also provide other functions. See the API docs and the spec for more details.
36. Is method overloading allowed in EJB?
Yes you can overload methods Should synchronization primitives be used on bean methods? - No. The EJB specification specifically states that the enterprise bean is not allowed to use thread primitives. The container is responsible for managing concurrent access to beans at runtime.
37. Are we allowed to change the transaction isolation property in middle of a transaction?
No. You cannot change the transaction isolation level in the middle of transaction.
38. For Entity Beans, What happens to an instance field not mapped to any persistent storage, when the bean is passivated?
The specification infers that the container never serializes an instance of an Entity bean (unlike stateful session beans). Thus passivation simply involves moving the bean from the ready to the pooled bin. So what happens to the contents of an instance variable is controlled by the programmer. Remember that when an entity bean is passivated the instance gets logically disassociated from it’s remote object. Be careful here, as the functionality of passivation/activation for Stateless Session, Stateful Session and Entity beans is completely different. For entity beans the ejbPassivate method notifies the entity bean that it is being disassociated with a particular entity prior to reuse or for dereference.
39. What is a Message Driven Bean, what functions does a message driven bean have and how do they work in collaboration with JMS?
Message driven beans are the latest addition to the family of component bean types defined by the EJB specification. The original bean types include session beans, which contain business logic and maintain a state associated with client sessions, and entity beans, which map objects to persistent data. Message driven beans will provide asynchrony to EJB based applications by acting as JMS message consumers. A message bean is associated with a JMS topic or queue and receives JMS messages sent by EJB clients or other beans. Unlike entity beans and session beans, message beans do not have home or remote interfaces. Instead, message driven beans are instantiated by the container as required. Like stateless session beans, message beans maintain no client-specific state, allowing the container to optimally manage a pool of message-bean instances. Clients send JMS messages to message beans in exactly the same manner as they would send messages to any other JMS destination. This similarity is a fundamental design goal of the JMS capabilities of the new specification. To receive JMS messages, message driven beans implement the javax.jms.MessageListener interface, which defines a single onMessage() method. When a message arrives, the container ensures that a message bean corresponding to the message topic/queue exists (instantiating it if necessary), and calls its onMessage method passing the client’s message as the single argument. The message bean’s implementation of this method contains the business logic required to process the message. Note that session beans and entity beans are not allowed to function as message beans.
40. Does RMI-IIOP support code downloading for Java objects sent by value across an IIOP connection in the same way as RMI does across a JRMP connection?
Yes. The JDK 1.2 support the dynamic class loading. The EJB container implements the EJBHome and EJBObject classes. For every request from a unique client,
41. Does the container create a separate instance of the generated EJBHome and EJBObject classes?
The EJB container maintains an instance pool. The container uses these instances for the EJB Home reference irrespective of the client request. while refering the EJB Object classes the container creates a separate instance for each client request. The instance pool maintainence is up to the implementation of the container. If the container provides one, it is available otherwise it is not mandatory for the provider to implement it. Having said that, yes most of the container providers implement the pooling functionality to increase the performance of the application server. The way it is implemented is again up to the implementer.
42. What is the advantage of putting an Entity Bean instance from the Ready State to Pooled state
The idea of the Pooled State is to allow a container to maintain a pool of entity beans that has been created, but has not been yet synchronized or assigned to an EJBObject. This mean that the instances do represent entity beans, but they can be used only for serving Home methods (create or findBy), since those methods do not relay on the specific values of the bean. All these instances are, in fact, exactly the same, so, they do not have meaningful state. Jon Thorarinsson has also added: It can be looked at it this way: If no client is using an entity bean of a particular type there is no need for cachig it (the data is persisted in the database). Therefore, in such cases, the container will, after some time, move the entity bean from the Ready State to the Pooled state to save memory. Then, to save additional memory, the container may begin moving entity beans from the Pooled State to the Does Not Exist State, because even though the bean’s cache has been cleared, the bean still takes up some memory just being in the Pooled State.
EJB stands for Enterprise JavaBean and is a widely-adopted server side component architecture for J2EE. It enables rapid development of mission-critical application that are versatile, reusable and portable across middleware while protecting IT investment and preventing vendor lock-in.
2. What is session Facade?
Session Facade is a design pattern to access the Entity bean through local interface than accessing directly. It increases the performance over the network. In this case we call session bean which on turn call entity bean.
3. What is EJB role in J2EE?
EJB technology is the core of J2EE. It enables developers to write reusable and portable server-side business logic for the J2EE platform.
4. What is the difference between EJB and Java beans?
EJB is a specification for J2EE server, not a product; Java beans may be a graphical component in IDE.
5. What are the key features of the EJB technology?
1. EJB components are server-side components written entirely in the Java programming language
2. EJB components contain business logic only - no system-level programming & services, such as transactions, security, life-cycle, threading, persistence, etc. are automatically managed for the EJB component by the EJB server.
3. EJB architecture is inherently transactional, distributed, portable multi-tier, scalable and secure.
4. EJB components are fully portable across any EJB server and any OS.
5. EJB architecture is wire-protocol neutral--any protocol can be utilized like IIOP,JRMP, HTTP, DCOM,etc.
6. What are the key benefits of the EJB technology?
1. Rapid application development
2. Broad industry adoption
3. Application portability
4. Protection of IT investment
7. How many enterprise beans?
There are three kinds of enterprise beans:
1. session beans,
2. entity beans, and
3. message-driven beans.
8. What is message-driven bean?
A message-driven bean combines features of a session bean and a Java Message Service (JMS) message listener, allowing a business component to receive JMS. A message-driven bean enables asynchronous clients to access the business logic in the EJB tier.
9. What is Entity Bean and Session Bean ?
Entity Bean is a Java class which implements an Enterprise Bean interface and provides the implementation of the business methods. There are two types: Container Managed Persistence(CMP) and Bean-Managed Persistence(BMP).
Session Bean is used to represent a workflow on behalf of a client. There are two types: Stateless and Stateful. Stateless bean is the simplest bean. It doesn't maintain any conversational state with clients between method invocations. Stateful bean maintains state between invocations.
10. How EJB Invocation happens?
Retrieve Home Object reference from Naming Service via JNDI. Return Home Object reference to the client. Create me a new EJB Object through Home Object interface. Create EJB Object from the Ejb Object. Return EJB Object reference to the client. Invoke business method using EJB Object reference. Delegate request to Bean (Enterprise Bean).
11. Is it possible to share an HttpSession between a JSP and EJB? What happens when I change a value in the HttpSession from inside an EJB?
You can pass the HttpSession as parameter to an EJB method, only if all objects in session are serializable.This has to be consider as passed-by-value, that means that it’s read-only in the EJB. If anything is altered from inside the EJB, it won’t be reflected back to the HttpSession of the Servlet Container.The pass-by-reference can be used between EJBs Remote Interfaces, as they are remote references. While it is possible to pass an HttpSession as a parameter to an EJB object, it is considered to be bad practice in terms of object-oriented design. This is because you are creating an unnecessary coupling between back-end objects (EJBs) and front-end objects (HttpSession). Create a higher-level of abstraction for your EJBs API. Rather than passing the whole, fat, HttpSession (which carries with it a bunch of http semantics), create a class that acts as a value object (or structure) that holds all the data you need to pass back and forth between front-end/back-end. Consider the case where your EJB needs to support a non HTTP-based client. This higher level of abstraction will be flexible enough to support it.
12. The EJB container implements the EJBHome and EJBObject classes. For every request from a unique client, does the container create a separate instance of the generated EJBHome and EJBObject classes?
The EJB container maintains an instance pool. The container uses these instances for the EJB Home reference irrespective of the client request. while refering the EJB Object classes the container creates a separate instance for each client request. The instance pool maintenance is up to the implementation of the container. If the container provides one, it is available otherwise it is not mandatory for the provider to implement it. Having said that, yes most of the container providers implement the pooling functionality to increase the performance of the application server. The way it is implemented is, again, up to the implementer.
13. Can the primary key in the entity bean be a Java primitive type such as int?
The primary key can’t be a primitive type. Use the primitive wrapper classes, instead. For example, you can use java.lang.Integer as the primary key class, but not int (it has to be a class, not a primitive).
14. Can you control when passivation occurs?
The developer, according to the specification, cannot directly control when passivation occurs. Although for Stateful Session Beans, the container cannot passivate an instance that is inside a transaction. So using transactions can be a a strategy to control passivation. The ejbPassivate() method is called during passivation, so the developer has control over what to do during this exercise and can implement the require optimized logic. Some EJB containers, such as BEA WebLogic, provide the ability to tune the container to minimize passivation calls. Taken from the WebLogic 6.0 DTD -The passivation-strategy can be either default or transaction. With the default setting the container will attempt to keep a working set of beans in the cache. With the transaction setting, the container will passivate the bean after every transaction (or method call for a non-transactional invocation).
15. What is the advantage of using Entity bean for database operations, over directly using JDBC API to do database operations? When would I use one over the other?
Entity Beans actually represents the data in a database. It is not that Entity Beans replaces JDBC API. There are two types of Entity Beans Container Managed and Bean Mananged. In Container Managed Entity Bean - Whenever the instance of the bean is created the container automatically retrieves the data from the DB/Persistance storage and assigns to the object variables in bean for user to manipulate or use them. For this the developer needs to map the fields in the database to the variables in deployment descriptor files (which varies for each vendor). In the Bean Managed Entity Bean - The developer has to specifically make connection, retrive values, assign them to the objects in the ejbLoad() which will be called by the container when it instatiates a bean object. Similarly in the ejbStore() the container saves the object values back the the persistance storage. ejbLoad and ejbStore are callback methods and can be only invoked by the container. Apart from this, when you use Entity beans you dont need to worry about database transaction handling, database connection pooling etc. which are taken care by the ejb container.
16. What is EJB QL?
EJB QL is a Query Language provided for navigation across a network of enterprise beans and dependent objects defined by means of container managed persistence. EJB QL is introduced in the EJB 2.0 specification. The EJB QL query language defines finder methods for entity beans with container managed persistenceand is portable across containers and persistence managers. EJB QL is used for queries of two types of finder methods: Finder methods that are defined in the home interface of an entity bean and which return entity objects. Select methods, which are not exposed to the client, but which are used by the Bean Provider to select persistent values that are maintained by the Persistence Manager or to select entity objects that are related to the entity bean on which the query is defined.
17. Brief description about local interfaces?
EEJB was originally designed around remote invocation using the Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) mechanism, and later extended to support to standard CORBA transport for these calls using RMI/IIOP. This design allowed for maximum flexibility in developing applications without consideration for the deployment scenario, and was a strong feature in support of a goal of component reuse in J2EE. Many developers are using EJBs locally, that is, some or all of their EJB calls are between beans in a single container. With this feedback in mind, the EJB 2.0 expert group has created a local interface mechanism. The local interface may be defined for a bean during development, to allow streamlined calls to the bean if a caller is in the same container. This does not involve the overhead involved with RMI like marshalling etc. This facility will thus improve the performance of applications in which co-location is planned. Local interfaces also provide the foundation for container-managed relationships among entity beans with container-managed persistence.
18. What are the special design care that must be taken when you work with local interfaces?
It is important to understand that the calling semantics of local interfaces are different from those of remote interfaces. For example, remote interfaces pass parameters using call-by-value semantics, while local interfaces use call-by-reference. This means that in order to use local interfaces safely, application developers need to carefully consider potential deployment scenarios up front, then decide which interfaces can be local and which remote, and finally, develop the application code with these choices in mind. While EJB 2.0 local interfaces are extremely useful in some situations, the long-term costs of these choices, especially when changing requirements and component reuse are taken into account, need to be factored into the design decision.
19. What happens if remove( ) is never invoked on a session bean?
In case of a stateless session bean it may not matter if we call or not as in both cases nothing is done. The number of beans in cache is managed by the container. In case of stateful session bean, the bean may be kept in cache till either the session times out, in which case the bean is removed or when there is a requirement for memory in which case the data is cached and the bean is sent to free pool.
20. What is the difference between Message Driven Beans and Stateless Session beans?
In several ways, the dynamic creation and allocation of message-driven bean instances mimics the behavior of stateless session EJB instances, which exist only for the duration of a particular method call. However, message-driven beans are different from stateless session EJBs (and other types of EJBs) in several significant ways: Message-driven beans process multiple JMS messages asynchronously, rather than processing a serialized sequence of method calls. Message-driven beans have no home or remote interface, and therefore cannot be directly accessed by internal or external clients. Clients interact with message-driven beans only indirectly, by sending a message to a JMS Queue or Topic. Only the container directly interacts with a message-driven bean by creating bean instances and passing JMS messages to those instances as necessary. The Container maintains the entire lifecycle of a message-driven bean; instances cannot be created or removed as a result of client requests or other API calls.
22. How can I call one EJB from inside of another EJB?
EJBs can be clients of other EJBs. It just works. Use JNDI to locate the Home Interface of the other bean, then acquire an instance reference, and so forth.
23. What is an EJB Context?
EJBContext is an interface that is implemented by the container, and it is also a part of the bean-container contract. Entity beans use a subclass of EJBContext called EntityContext. Session beans use a subclass called SessionContext. These EJBContext objects provide the bean class with information about its container, the client using the bean and the bean itself. They also provide other functions. See the API docs and the spec for more details.
24. Is is possible for an EJB client to marshal an object of class java.lang.Class to an EJB?
Technically yes, spec. compliant NO! - The enterprise bean must not attempt to query a class to obtain information about the declared members that are not otherwise accessible to the enterprise bean because of the security rules of the Java language
25. Is it legal to have static initializer blocks in EJB?
Although technically it is legal, static initializer blocks are used to execute some piece of code before executing any constructor or method while instantiating a class. Static initializer blocks are also typically used to initialize static fields - which may be illegal in EJB if they are read/write - In EJB this can be achieved by including the code in either the ejbCreate(), setSessionContext() or setEntityContext() methods.
26. Is it possible to stop the execution of a method before completion in a SessionBean?
Stopping the execution of a method inside a Session Bean is not possible without writing code inside the Session Bean. This is because you are not allowed to access Threads inside an EJB.
27. What is the default transaction attribute for an EJB?
There is no default transaction attribute for an EJB. Section 11.5 of EJB v1.1 spec says that the deployer must specify a value for the transaction attribute for those methods having container managed transaction. In WebLogic, the default transaction attribute for EJB is SUPPORTS.
28. What is the difference between session and entity beans? When should I use one or the other?
An entity bean represents persistent global data from the database; a session bean represents transient user-specific data that will die when the user disconnects (ends his session). Generally, the session beans implement business methods (e.g. Bank.transferFunds) that call entity beans (e.g. Account.deposit, Account.withdraw)
29. Is there any default cache management system with Entity beans ?
In other words whether a cache of the data in database will be maintained in EJB ? - Caching data from a database inside the AAApplication Server are what Entity EJB’s are used for.The ejbLoad() and ejbStore() methods are used to synchronize the Entity Bean state with the persistent storage(database). Transactions also play an important role in this scenario. If data is removed from the database, via an external application - your Entity Bean can still be alive the EJB container. When the transaction commits, ejbStore() is called and the row will not be found, and the transaction rolled back.
30. Why is ejbFindByPrimaryKey mandatory?
An Entity Bean represents persistent data that is stored outside of the EJB Container/Server. The ejbFindByPrimaryKey is a method used to locate and load an Entity Bean into the container, similar to a SELECT statement in SQL. By making this method mandatory, the client programmer can be assured that if they have the primary key of the Entity Bean, then they can retrieve the bean without having to create a new bean each time - which would mean creating duplications of persistent data and break the integrity of EJB.
31. Why do we have a remove method in both EJBHome and EJBObject?
With the EJBHome version of the remove, you are able to delete an entity bean without first instantiating it (you can provide a PrimaryKey object as a parameter to the remove method). The home version only works for entity beans. On the other hand, the Remote interface version works on an entity bean that you have already instantiated. In addition, the remote version also works on session beans (stateless and stateful) to inform the container of your loss of interest in this bean.
32. How can I call one EJB from inside of another EJB?
EJBs can be clients of other EJBs. It just works. Use JNDI to locate the Home Interface of the other bean, then acquire an instance reference, and so forth.
33. What is the difference between a Server, a Container, and a Connector?
An EJB server is an application, usually a product such as BEA WebLogic, that provides (or should provide) for concurrent client connections and manages system resources such as threads, processes, memory, database connections, network connections, etc. An EJB container runs inside (or within) an EJB server, and provides deployed EJB beans with transaction and security management, etc. The EJB container insulates an EJB bean from the specifics of an underlying EJB server by providing a simple, standard API between the EJB bean and its container. A Connector provides the ability for any Enterprise Information System (EIS) to plug into any EJB server which supports the Connector architecture. See Sun’s J2EE Connectors for more in-depth information on Connectors.
34. How is persistence implemented in enterprise beans?
Persistence in EJB is taken care of in two ways, depending on how you implement your beans: container managed persistence (CMP) or bean managed persistence (BMP) For CMP, the EJB container which your beans run under takes care of the persistence of the fields you have declared to be persisted with the database - this declaration is in the deployment descriptor. So, anytime you modify a field in a CMP bean, as soon as the method you have executed is finished, the new data is persisted to the database by the container. For BMP, the EJB bean developer is responsible for defining the persistence routines in the proper places in the bean, for instance, the ejbCreate(), ejbStore(), ejbRemove() methods would be developed by the bean developer to make calls to the database. The container is responsible, in BMP, to call the appropriate method on the bean. So, if the bean is being looked up, when the create() method is called on the Home interface, then the container is responsible for calling the ejbCreate() method in the bean, which should have functionality inside for going to the database and looking up the data.
35. What is an EJB Context?
EJBContext is an interface that is implemented by the container, and it is also a part of the bean-container contract. Entity beans use a subclass of EJBContext called EntityContext. Session beans use a subclass called SessionContext. These EJBContext objects provide the bean class with information about its container, the client using the bean and the bean itself. They also provide other functions. See the API docs and the spec for more details.
36. Is method overloading allowed in EJB?
Yes you can overload methods Should synchronization primitives be used on bean methods? - No. The EJB specification specifically states that the enterprise bean is not allowed to use thread primitives. The container is responsible for managing concurrent access to beans at runtime.
37. Are we allowed to change the transaction isolation property in middle of a transaction?
No. You cannot change the transaction isolation level in the middle of transaction.
38. For Entity Beans, What happens to an instance field not mapped to any persistent storage, when the bean is passivated?
The specification infers that the container never serializes an instance of an Entity bean (unlike stateful session beans). Thus passivation simply involves moving the bean from the ready to the pooled bin. So what happens to the contents of an instance variable is controlled by the programmer. Remember that when an entity bean is passivated the instance gets logically disassociated from it’s remote object. Be careful here, as the functionality of passivation/activation for Stateless Session, Stateful Session and Entity beans is completely different. For entity beans the ejbPassivate method notifies the entity bean that it is being disassociated with a particular entity prior to reuse or for dereference.
39. What is a Message Driven Bean, what functions does a message driven bean have and how do they work in collaboration with JMS?
Message driven beans are the latest addition to the family of component bean types defined by the EJB specification. The original bean types include session beans, which contain business logic and maintain a state associated with client sessions, and entity beans, which map objects to persistent data. Message driven beans will provide asynchrony to EJB based applications by acting as JMS message consumers. A message bean is associated with a JMS topic or queue and receives JMS messages sent by EJB clients or other beans. Unlike entity beans and session beans, message beans do not have home or remote interfaces. Instead, message driven beans are instantiated by the container as required. Like stateless session beans, message beans maintain no client-specific state, allowing the container to optimally manage a pool of message-bean instances. Clients send JMS messages to message beans in exactly the same manner as they would send messages to any other JMS destination. This similarity is a fundamental design goal of the JMS capabilities of the new specification. To receive JMS messages, message driven beans implement the javax.jms.MessageListener interface, which defines a single onMessage() method. When a message arrives, the container ensures that a message bean corresponding to the message topic/queue exists (instantiating it if necessary), and calls its onMessage method passing the client’s message as the single argument. The message bean’s implementation of this method contains the business logic required to process the message. Note that session beans and entity beans are not allowed to function as message beans.
40. Does RMI-IIOP support code downloading for Java objects sent by value across an IIOP connection in the same way as RMI does across a JRMP connection?
Yes. The JDK 1.2 support the dynamic class loading. The EJB container implements the EJBHome and EJBObject classes. For every request from a unique client,
41. Does the container create a separate instance of the generated EJBHome and EJBObject classes?
The EJB container maintains an instance pool. The container uses these instances for the EJB Home reference irrespective of the client request. while refering the EJB Object classes the container creates a separate instance for each client request. The instance pool maintainence is up to the implementation of the container. If the container provides one, it is available otherwise it is not mandatory for the provider to implement it. Having said that, yes most of the container providers implement the pooling functionality to increase the performance of the application server. The way it is implemented is again up to the implementer.
42. What is the advantage of putting an Entity Bean instance from the Ready State to Pooled state
The idea of the Pooled State is to allow a container to maintain a pool of entity beans that has been created, but has not been yet synchronized or assigned to an EJBObject. This mean that the instances do represent entity beans, but they can be used only for serving Home methods (create or findBy), since those methods do not relay on the specific values of the bean. All these instances are, in fact, exactly the same, so, they do not have meaningful state. Jon Thorarinsson has also added: It can be looked at it this way: If no client is using an entity bean of a particular type there is no need for cachig it (the data is persisted in the database). Therefore, in such cases, the container will, after some time, move the entity bean from the Ready State to the Pooled state to save memory. Then, to save additional memory, the container may begin moving entity beans from the Pooled State to the Does Not Exist State, because even though the bean’s cache has been cleared, the bean still takes up some memory just being in the Pooled State.
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